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Rocks and Minerals
review for Texas 6th grade science
Term | Definition |
---|---|
melting | changing from a solid to a liquid |
weathering | breaking down of rocks into small pieces |
cooling | changing from a liquid to a solid |
metamorphic rock | igneous or sedimentary rock that has been exposed to heat and pressure; creates either new minerals or new mineral patterns |
igneous rock | rock formed from cooling of magma (lava); slow cooling makes big crystals, quick cooling makes large crystals |
sedimentary rock | formed from the compacting and cementing of sediment and organic debris; fossils are found in this type of rock |
magma | melted rock that is found under the surface of the Earth |
sediment | bits of broken rock |
erosion | the movement of sediment from one location to another |
deposition | the dropping of sediment in a new location |
lava | melted rock that is found on the surface of the Earth |
heat | high temperatures |
pressure | force acting on matter |
mineral | the basic building block of geology |
SNIFE | way to remember the five conditions a mineral must have: solid, naturally occurring, inorganic, fixed crystalline structure; element or compound |
extrusive | above the ground; cool quickly; have small or no visible crystals |
intrusive | inside the ground; cool slowly; have large crystals |
MOHS Hardness Scale | a ranking of minerals from 1 to 10; Talc is the softest - 1; diamond is the hardest - 10 |
cementing | process that sticks sediments together; think glue |
compacting | process that squeezes sediments together |