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Exam 3 Micro
Innate Immunology pt 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| proteins secreted by a variety of cells and act to change to behavior of other cells including activation of specific cells and physiologic changes. | Cytokines |
| Chemokines are a subgroup of cytokines that act as chemoattractants to leukocytes. | Chemokines |
| acts on self | Autocrine |
| acts on nearby cells | Paracrine |
| Type 1 interferons of cytokines and chemokines are | INF - alpha INF - beta |
| anti-viral | Interferons stimulate both infected and noninfected cells into an ____state? |
| NK and NKT (secrete granzyme & proferin) cells | After these cells are activated, they attack infected cells |
| MICA and MICB | Cytokines and chemokines (soluble defensins) upregulate what stress cell markers? |
| resist viral replication | Cytokines and chemokines cause infected and non-infected cells to... |
| interleukin-1β | IL-1β |
| tumor necrosis factor α | TNFα |
| interleukin 6 | IL-6 |
| chemokine | CXCL8 is a |
| IL-8 interleukin 8 | (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 is also known as |
| interleukin 12 | IL-12 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, Colitis | Diseases associated with TNFα are: |
| Antibodies [E.g. adalimumab (Humara)] Decoy receptors [E.g. etanercept (Enbrel)] | Mechanisms of blocking by targeting TNF - alpha are : |
| CXCL8 | This chemokine recruits neutrophils from blood to the site of infection |
| the development of new drug targets | Understanding the mechanisms of disease can help |
| Engulfment and degradation of microbes and debris by cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and B cells. | Phagocytosis |
| cell surface receptors and clathrin-coated pits. | Phagocytosis is mediated by what receptors and pits? |
| marcopinocytosis and is clathrin-independent | Dendritic cells uptake large amounts of fluid by... |
| 1. Phagocytosis is mediated by receptors such as PRRs, complement receptors, Fc receptors, scavenger receptors and more. | Step 1 of Phagocytosis |
| 2. . Cellular projections (pseudopodia) engulf the pathogen through endocytosis. | Step 2 of Phagocytosis |
| 3. Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes (phagolysosomes) | Step 3 of Phagocytosis |
| Lysosomes use acid hydrolases, proteases, nucleases and lipases to digest pathogens Use of oxygen radicals that are toxic to microbes cause an oxidative burst. | During Step 3 of Phagocytosis: |
| 4. Changes occur in the phagocyte after ingesting pathogen | Step 4 of Phagocytosis |
| the increase secretion of cytokines and chemokines. | Ingestion of pathogens activates the phagocytes and leads to... |
| is trying to rid the body of disease but can damage the tissues if too strong | Inflammation |
| redness, swelling, heat, and pain | Symptoms of inflammation include |
| C3a, C4a, C5a | Complement Anaphylotoxins |
| major Opsonin | Complement C3b |
| receptors | Phagocytosis is mediated by what |
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