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Sensory System
Bio Chapter 10 Goodcare LPN Sensory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Types of Receptors; | Chemoreceptors for taste and smell Photoreceptors for light Thermoreceptors for changes in temperature Mechanoreceptors for movement Nociceptors* for pain |
| Chemoreceptors | for taste and smell |
| Photoreceptors | for light |
| Thermoreceptors | for changes in temperature |
| Mechanoreceptors | for movement |
| Nociceptors* | for pain |
| What do Sensory Receptors Detect | Stimuli |
| The 5 “Special Senses” | Vision Hearing Equilibrium Taste Smell |
| The “General” Senses | Pressure, temperature, pain and touch Sense of position |
| When some sensory receptors are exposed to a continuous and unimportant stimulus, what changes? | The sensory receptors will often adjust so the sensation becomes less acute. This both saves energy and keeps us from being distracted by unimportant stimuli. |
| Several Protective Features of the Eye | Bones of the skull (eye socket) Upper and lower eyelids Eyelashes and eyebrow Tears (from the lacrimal glands) Conjunctiva (What is “conjunctivitis?”) |
| 2 Sensory Cranial Nerves to the Eye | The Optic Nerve (CN II) The Opthalmic Branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) |
| The Visual Process | Extrinsic eye muscles produce convergence. Light reflects through the cornea and aqueous humor. Muscles of the eye adjust the pupil. Ciliary muscle adjusts the lens accomodation. Light continues to refract through the vitreous bodyand passes through t |
| In the visual process Light stimulates what? | the retinal receptor cells (rods and cones.) |
| The optic nerve transmits impulses to where? | The bran |
| The visual areas in the occipital lobe cortex receive and interpret the impulses and what happens next? | YOU SEE! |
| The Ear is Divided into what 3 Portions | The outer ear The middle ear The inner ear |
| This nerve carries visual impulses from the eye’s photoreceptors to the brain. | The Optic Nerve (CN II) |
| This never carries impulses of pain, touch, and temperature from the eye and surrounding parts to the brain. | The Opthalmic Branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) |
| The ear from the outside, through a canal to the tympanic membrane | The outer ear |
| An air space in the ear containing 3 tiny bones, the malleus, incus and stapes | The middle ear |
| The location of the actual sensory receptors connected to the auditory nerve in the ear | The inner ear |
| What part of the ear contributes to Equilibrium | The inner ear |
| Oldest, strongest sense. | Smell, |
| The General Senses | Sense of Touch Sense of Pressure Sense of Temperature Sense of Position |
| A Cochlear Implant May Help with what? | Some Hearing Loss |
| Hyperopia or presbyopia | Lens too flat or eyeball too long |
| Myopia | Eyeball too long |
| Hyperopia or Presbyopia corrected | Converging lens |
| Myopia corrected | Diverging lens |
| Located in the retina, cylindrical about 120 million distributed toward the periphery (anterior) of the retina | Rods |
| Stimulated in dim light and with low visibility | Rods |
| Shades of gray in color perception and Rhodopsin | Rods |
| Flank shaped with about 6 million in each retina | Cones |
| Located at the center of the retina | Cones |
| Stimulated with bright light and high visibility | Cones |
| Responds to color and sensitive to red green or blue pigments | Cones |
| Made up of the Pinna, external auditory canal and tympanic membrane | Outer Ear |
| Made up of the malleus, incus and stapes | Middle ear |
| Semicircular canals Cochlea and vestibule | Inner ear |
| Axon and Dentrite | Olfactory Receptor Cell |
| Associated with taste buds. | papillae |
| Taste buds contain the taste receptor cells | Also known as gustatory cells. |
| Cilliary muscles are relaxed, ciliary bodies are flat, suspensory ligaments are taut and lens are flat. | Distant objects |
| Tunics of the eye | Fibrous, Vascular and Nervous |
| The naval cavity is connected to the lacrimal sac via what duct? | Nasolacrimal duct |
| How hearing works | Sound funnels into the ear canal and causes the eardrum to move. The eardrum vibrates with sound. Sound vibrations move through the ossicles to the cochlea. Sound vibrations cause the fluid in the cochlea to move. Fluid movement causes the hair cells |
| The process of smelling | Vaporized odor molecules (chemicals) floating in the air reach the nostrils and dissolve in the mucus (which is on the roof of each nostril). Underneath the mucus, in the olfactory epithelium, specialized receptor cells called olfactory receptor neurons |
| The sense of taste is mediated by taste receptor cells which are bundled in clusters called taste buds. | Data only |
| In most animals, including humans, taste buds are most prevalent on small pegs of epithelium on the tongue called papillae. | Data only |
| Taste buds are composed of groups of between 50 and 150 columnar taste receptor cells bundled together like a cluster of bananas. The taste receptor cells within a bud are arranged such that their tips form a small taste pore, and through this pore extend | Data only |
| nterwoven among the taste cells in a taste bud is a network of dendrites of sensory nerves called "taste nerves". When taste cells are stimulated by binding of chemicals to their receptors, they depolarize and this depolarization is transmitted to the tas | Data only |
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TutorDavis17
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