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Body Systems Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| physical breakdown of food | mechanical digestion |
| enzymes break down food into usable pieces | chemical digestion |
| enzyme amylase-breaks down carbs into simple sugars | saliva |
| long muscular tube that moves food down to the stomach using peristalsis(wave-like motion) | esophagus |
| muscular sac that releases acid and enzymes to break down food (turns food into chyme) | stomach |
| (~20 ft long) most absorption of nutrients happens here | small intestine |
| little hair-like structures that increase surface area for absorption | villi |
| produces hormones that regulate blood, sugar, and enzymes that break down carbs, proteins | pancreas |
| helps with fat digestion, produces bile(fluid with lipids and salts) | liver |
| (~5 ft long) (aka colon) removes water from undigested material-diarrhea or constipation | large intestine |
| What are the digestive system disorders? | appendicitis, Crohn's Disease, celiac disease, and ulcers |
| tissue that connects bone to bone | ligaments |
| tissue that connects muscle to bone | tendons |
| skull, spine, ribs, sternum | axial skeleton |
| limbs(arms, legs) | appendicular skeleton |
| What are the skeletal system disorders? | arthritis, scoliosis, and osteoporosis |
| How many bones does an adult have? Infant? | 206; 270 |
| How many muscles do we have? | over 650 |
| involuntary muscles; ex: stomach; linings of organs | smooth muscles |
| voluntary muscles; attached to the bone; es: bicep, tricep | skeletal muscles |
| involuntary muscles; forms the walls of the heart | cardiac muscles |
| What the problems for the muscular system? | muscular dystrophy; tendonitis |
| releases egg to be fertilized | ovulation |
| 28 day cycle (uteran wall sloughs off) | menstration |
| fertilized egg | zygote |
| fertilized egg to 8 weeks | embryo |
| 8 weeks to birth | fetus |
| What are the problems for the Integumentary system? | sun burn and skin cancer |
| brain and spinal cord | CNS |
| nerves that extend from the spinal cord | PNS |
| nerve cells that receive and transmit messages | neurons |
| messages from body to CNS | sensory neuron |
| connect neurons (sensory and motor) | interneurons |
| messages to the body from CNS (makes us move) | motor neurons |
| outer layer of the skin | epidermis |
| layer of the skin that contains the hair follicle, glands, nerves, and blood vessels | dermis |
| coloring of skin; protects from UV radiation | melanin |
| rids body of waste(salts), cools body down | sweat glands |
| oil producing gland (pimple) | sebaceous gland |
| dead cells made of keratin (compacted) | nails |
| dead cells with keratin; help protect skin | hair |
| part of the PNS that controls involuntary functions | autonomic |
| part of PNS that controls voluntary actions | somatic |
| Endocrine glands that control body functions (growth, reproduction) | pituitary glands |
| Endocrine gland that produces insulin/ glucagon (blood sugar) | pancreas |
| endocrine gland that produces testosterone (sperm production) | testes |
| endocrine gland that produces estrogen (egg production; increase fat stores; sodium tention) | ovaries |
| endocrine gland that produces epinephrine(adrenaline) and dopamine(w/ reward) | adrenal medulla |
| endocrine gland that responds to stress | adrenal cortex |
| endocrine gland the produces hormones that deal w/ metabolism | thyroid |
| endocrine gland that links nervous system(behavior chemicals-sleep, mood-sleep=melatonin) | hypothalamus |
| What are the 5 main parts of the circulatory system? | blood, heart, arteries, veins, capillaries |
| made in bone marrow, carries carbon dioxide(hemoglobin) and nutrients and rids of carbon dioxide | RBC |
| help fight off pathogens, made in lymphnodes (phagocytes) | WBC |
| help blood clot | platelets |
| water portion of blood (50%) | plasma |
| muscle that pumps blood | heart |
| carry oxygenated blood to the body | arteries |
| carry deoxygenated blood to the heart and lungs | veins |
| What is the flow of blood? | low oxygen blood from body(veins)-vena cava-right atrium-right ventricle- to lungs through pulmonary artery(pick up oxygen)-left atrium-left ventricle-aorta-body |
| small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins | capillaries |
| What are the disorders of the circulatory system? | sickle cell anemia and heart attack |
| respiratory system-warms and moistens air | nasal cavity and mouth |
| respiratory system-connection between the nasal cavity and the mouth | pharynx |
| respiratory system-voice box-vocal cords | larynx |
| respiratory system-flap of tissue that covers the trachea | epiglottis |
| respiratory system-tube for air(supported by cartilage) | trachea |
| respiratory system-tubes that split off from trachea | bronchi |
| respiratory system-smaller tubes branching from bronchi | bronchiole |
| respiratory system-tiny air sacks in the lungs-gas exchange happens | alveoli |
| large muscle that separates lungs from abdomen | diaphragm |
| What are the problems of the respiratory system? | allergies, pneumonia, lung cancer |
| What is included in the 1st defense? | skin, mucus, saliva(sweep mucus to throat-cough; contains chemicals that break down bacteria), stomach acid(breaks down food and kills some bacteria) |
| What is included in the 2nd defense? | WBC's(engulf particles), interferon(chemical that interferes with a virus's ability to attack), T cells(killer cells, recognize invaders), inflammatory response |
| What is included in the 3rd defense? | antibodies proteins that bind to antigen |
Created by:
colorguard101