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Band Final Review
Vocabulary and Concepts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adagio | performed in a slow tempo, usually slow and stately, 66-76 bpm |
| Allegro | performed in a brisk tempo, fast, quickly, and bright, 120-168 bpm |
| Presto | performed in a quick tempo, very fast, 168-200 bpm |
| Andante | performed in a medium tempo, walking tempo, 76-108 bpm |
| Grave | performed in a very slow tempo, slow and solemn, 20-40 bpm |
| Lento | performed in a slow tempo, slowly, 40-60 bpm |
| Allegretto | performed in a medium fast tempo, moderately fast, 100-120 bpm |
| Largo | performed in a slow tempo, broadly, 40-60 bpm |
| Moderato | performed in a medium tempo, moderately, 108-120 bpm |
| Vivace | performed in a very fast tempo, lively and fast, around 140 bpm |
| Accelarando | to speed up gradually |
| A tempo | in time, the performer should return to the main tempo of the piece |
| Allargando | broadening, the notes are becoming longer as the tempo slows down simultaneously |
| Ritardando | slowing down gradually, decelerating |
| Da capo al coda | go to the beginning then take the coda |
| Da capo al fine | go to the beginning then play to the end |
| Dal segno al coda | go to the sign then take the coda |
| Dal segno al fine | go to the sign then play to the end |
| Forte | strong, to be played loudly |
| Forte Piano | strong gentle, to be played loud then immediately soft |
| Piano | gently, to be played softly |
| Rubato | "stolen time", to be played freely, to create expressive shaping of the music |
| Tacet | "silent", do not play when you see this word |
| Accent | to emphasize the front of the note, slight decay |
| Cantabile | in a singing style, imitating the human voice |
| Dolce | to play sweetly, smoothly |
| Espressivo | to play expressively, exaggerated |
| Legato | "joined" to articulate smoothly, in a connected manner |
| Marcato | "marked", to play with accentuation, execute every note as if it were a heavy accent |
| Staccato | playing each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato, represented by a small dot over/under the note |
| Maestoso | majestically, to be played in a stately fashion |
| Tenuto | "held" to play smoothly and full value, holding a note slightly longer than usual but without generally altering the note's value |
| Arpeggio | the notes of the chord played one after another instead of simultaneously, a broken chord |
| Beat | the pronounced rhythm of music, the main rhythmic unit |
| Cadence | a melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of resolution |
| Chord | any harmonic set of pitches consisting of multiple notes sounding simultaneously |
| Coda | "tail" a closing section appended to a movement |
| Common Time | the time signature 4/4, four beats per measure often written in the musical staff as "C" |
| Simple Meter | the beats are able to be broken down into 2 notes |
| Compound Meter | the beats are able to be broken down into 3 notes |
| Cut Time | the time signature 2/2, two half note beats per measure, often written in the musical staff as a C with a vertical line through it |
| Chamber Music | instrumental music played by a small ensemble, with one player to a part |
| Dissonance | simultaneous or successive sounds associated with harshness, unpleasantness, or unacceptability |
| Consonance | simultaneous or successive sounds associated with sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability |
| Dynamics | the relative volumes in the execution of a piece of music |
| Scale | any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch |
| Fermata | "finished, closed" a rest or note is to be held for a duration that is at the discretion of the performer or conductor (typically twice its printed length or more for dramatic effect |
| Grace Note | an extra note added as an embellishment and not essential to the harmony or melody |
| Melody | a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as the single entity |
| Harmony | the sound of two or more notes heard simultaneously, a separate line from the melody that is complimentary |
| Interval | the space between two notes |
| Key Signature | the arrangement of sharps or flat signs on particular lines and spaces of a musical staff to indicate that the corresponding notes, in every octave, are to be consistently raised by sharps or lowered by flats from their natural pitches |
| Major Scale | a diatonic scale having half steps between the third and fourth and the seventh and eighth degrees and whole steps between the other adjacent degrees |
| Minor Scale | can refer to three different scales, natural, harmonic, and melodic. The natural variation has half steps between the second and third and the fifth and sixth and whole steps between the other adjacent degrees |
| Meter | the pattern of a music piece's rhythm of strong and weak beats |
| Tempo | "time" the overall speed of a piece of music |
| Time Signature | a notational convention used in Western music notation to specify how many beats are contained in each measure and which note value is equivalent to a beat |
| Duet | musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece |
| Trio | a method of instrumentation by three different instruments to make a melodious music or song |
| Quartet | an ensemble of four instrumental performers or a musical composition for four instruments |
| Solo | "alone" executed by a single instrument |
| Soli | refers to an entire section playing in either unison or harmony |
| Flat | a symbol that lowers the pitch of a note by a semitone |
| Sharp | a symbol that raises the pitch of a note by a semitone |
| Natural | a symbol that cancels the effect of a sharp or a flat |
| Slur | a symbol in Western musical notation indicating that the notes it embraces are to be played without articulation/seperation |
| Timbre | the quality of a musical tone that distinguishes instruments |
| Partial | any of the sine waves of which a complex tone is composed, part of the harmonic series of a brass instrument |
| Phrase | a unit of musical meter that has a complete musical sense of it own |
| Staff | a set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that each represent a different musical pitch or in the case of percussion, different instruments |
| Vibrato | more or less rapidly repeated slight variation in the pitch of a note, used as a means of expression |
| Trill | a rapid usually unmeasured alternation between two harmonically adjacent notes (semitone or whole tone) |
| Tutti | "all" used in a score when all of the voices come in at the same time or play the same part or after a divisi they both play together again at the point marked _____ |
| Root | the main note (usually bottom) of a chord |
| Pitch | how high or low the note is, defined in physics by the unit Hertz |
| Soprano Instruments | Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Trumpet |
| Alto Instruments | Alto Saxophone, Horn |
| Tenor Instruments | Bassoon, Tenor Saxophone, Trombone, Euphonium |
| Bass Instruments | Bass Clarinet, Baritone Saxophone, Contrabassoon, Tuba |
| Tone | Beauty, blend, control, characteristic sound, resonant, open, how you sound |
| Intonation | pitch control on chords, melodic lines, and tutti sections |
| Technique | Articulation, facility, precision, rhythm, lining things up vertically |
| Balance | Ensemble and sectional, can you hear melody, harmony, the other layers, clarity of the ensemble |
| Musicality | Expression, phrasing, style, tempo, artistry, fluency, dynamics, without these things it's just notes and rhythms |
| Bass Clef is also known as what clef? | F Clef, the F goes between the two dots on the 4th line up from the bottom (2nd line down from the top) |
| Treble Clef is also known as what clef? | G Clef, the G is located in the loop on the 2nd line up from the bottom |
Created by:
grygrvin
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