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Normal Biology Final
Normal Bio Final Review
| word | definition |
|---|---|
| pH scale | measures amount of acid in a solution |
| ecology | studies organisms and their environment |
| biology | studies living organisms |
| zoology | studies animals |
| botony | studies plants |
| cell | smallest unit capable of all life functions |
| metabolism | sum of all of the chemical reactions in an organism |
| oldest fossil | billion years old |
| prokaryote cell | missing nucleus and cell parts |
| first scientist to see cells | Hooke |
| electron | negative charge |
| proton | positive charge |
| neutron | neutral charge |
| element | substance that can't be chemically broken down |
| ions | atoms with unequal number of protons and electron |
| compound | group of atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| nucleic acids | they store heredity information |
| active transport | process in a cell, takes energy, moves material against diffusion |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| parts of a cell and their jobs (4) | |
| solute | substance that dissolves in another (sugar/salt) |
| solvent | the substance in which the solute dissolves (H2O) |
| chemical reaction | when chemical bonds are broken or formed |
| processes of moving material in or out of cells | |
| autotroph | organism that makes its own food or energy from sunlight or chemicals |
| heterotroph | organism that gets its energy by consuming food or other organisms |
| ATP | supplies most of cells energy |
| biochemical pathway | series of chemical reactions |
| substrate | reactant molecule to which an enzyme binds |
| gametes | sex cells |
| sex cells: haploid or diploid? | haploid |
| humans have how many chromosomes? | 46 |
| zygote | 1-celled organism created when the sperm and the egg join |
| nondisjunction | mistake in chromosome seperation |
| karyotype | series of pictures or chromosomes, helps scientists to compare and look for defects in the chromosomes |
| mutation | changes in genetic material |
| mitosis | cell division |
| meiosis | sex cell division |
| inversion | the fragment reattaches to the original chromosome, it will now have 2 copies of a set of genes |
| "Father of Genetics" | Mendel |
| dominant | traits that are expressed |
| recessive | traits that are not shown |
| homozygous | when the 2 factors they get from the 2 parents are the same trait |
| heterozygous | when the 2 traits they get from the 2 parents are different |
| allele | each copy of a gene |
| phenotype | actual appearance |
| genotype | all genetic traits---shown or not shown |
| codominance | 2 dominant alleles are expressed at the same time |
| transposons | jump in genes causing mutations |
| gene P53 | |
| atmosphere of early earth (2) | |
| Oparin's work | |
| RNA | 1st genetic material |
| Miller and Urey's experiment (2) | |
| age of earth | 4.5 billion years old |
| 1/2 life | does not change |
| natural selection | guides evolution |
| when do new species form? | |
| directional selection | |
| vestigal structures | |
| Charles Darwin (2) | |
| theory of evolution | |
| adaptation | process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment |
| macroevolution | |
| not all protists are single celled | |
| oldest fossil | 3.5 billion years |
| Charles Darwin (7) | |
| eubacteria | most common bacteria living today |
| Cambrian Period | when all of today's major phylums of organisms evolved |
| ozone layer (2) | |
| plants and fungi | 1st organisms to populate the land |
| bacteria and plants | |
| insects | 1st animal w/ wings |
| insects | most diverse group of animals |
| jawless fish | no jaws, lamprey |
| amphibians | adapted to both land and water |
| reptiles | animal, watertight skin |
| amphibians (2) | |
| oldest multicellular fossil | |
| mass extinctions (2) | |
| mycorrhizae | mutualism |
Created by:
kecordell
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