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CARDIAC KQ
Occlusive CV Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is ateriosclerosis? | condition that affects arteries that my lead to occlusive cardiovascular disease |
| What is atherosclerosis? | formation of plaque within the arterial wall |
| What does atherosclerosis affect? | the inner lining of the artery |
| What is the first step to developing atherosclerosis? | injury to the endothelial cells that line the walls of the arteries |
| What is plaque? | build up of fatty deposits |
| What is stenosis? | narrowing |
| What happens to the distal extremity with an occlusion? | it becomes ischemic |
| What is hyperlipidemia | increase in blood lipids |
| what is LDL? | low density lipoproteins that increase risk for CAD |
| what is HDL? | high density lipoproteins and are protective against CAD |
| How does smoking affect cardiac status> | vasoconstricts,causes progressive damage to blood vessels |
| What does exercise do to HDL | raises it |
| How does exercise affect circulation that has an occlusion? | it helps develop collateral circulation |
| What is an MI | myocardial infarct |
| what is an atheroma? | another name for plaque |
| What is the pain in CAD associated with? | lack of oxygen to the myocardium |
| What is angina pectoris? | Chest pain |
| What is the goal for patients with CAD? | prevention |
| What is the purpose of PTCA? | a balloon catheter is inflated and compresses the plaque against the wall of the artery |
| What is an atherectomy? | plaque is removed via rotating blade |
| What med is given prior to an atherectomy? | ca channel blockers |
| What is the purpose of a stent with CAD? | to keep blood flowing throught the artery |
| What is ticlid | an anti-platelet |
| what is a CAGB? | coronary artery bypass graft |
| what is the name for a group of syndromes that are caused by lack of oxygen tot he heart muscle? | acute coronary sydromes |
| What is angina pectoris a symptom of ? | ischemia |
| When the heart needs more oxygen what do the coronary arteries normally do? | dilate |
| With CAD what is prevented with the body's demand for oxygen? | dilation |
| What is the difference between stable and prinzmetal's angina? | stable-pain subsides when activity is stopped and prinzmetal's rest does not decrease pain |
| What do CA channel blockers do? | relax vascular smooth muslce leading to decreased PVR |
| What do beta blockers do? | block the efffects of epinephrine and norepinephrine and prevent anginal attacks |
| Name two cardioselective drugs that are beta blockers? | Metoprolol and atenolol |
| What drugs should respiratory patients avoid with regards to cardiac meds? | nonselective beta adrenergics |
| What surrounds an area of necrosis on the heart with an MI? | an area of ischemia |
| If there is an MI due to occlusion to Right coronary artery where is the MI location? | inferior wall |
| If there is an occlusion of the Circumflex artery where will the MI be? | posterior wall |
| if there is an occlusion in the Left anterior artery where would the MI be? | anterior wall |
| What is the classic symptom of an MI | chest pain |
| What analgesic should be used for an MI | morphine sulfate |
| how soon after an MI can a thrombolytic be used? | 1-6 hours |
| What is a dissecting aneurysm? | a tear in the inner layer causing a cavity to form between the layers of the artery and it fills with blood |
| What aneurysm involves the entire cirucumference? | fusiform |
| What is Raynaud's? | vasoconstrictive response causing ischemia from exposure to cold and stress |
| who does Raynaud's commonly effect? | women in cold climates |
| where can Raynaud's occur? | hands, feet ears or nose |
| what is Buergers disease? | recurring inflammation fo small and medium arteries and veins of the LE |
| Define varicose veins | elongated tortuous dilated veins |
| What causes venous stasis | dysfunctional valves in the venous system preventing venous return |
| what color are the legs and feet with venous insufficiency? | brown leathery |
| what position are the legs with PVD best in? | elevated |
| What is the purpose of the lymph system? | returns fluid from oether tissues in the body to the bloodstream |
| What causes lymphangitis | inflammation secondary to infection by either strep or staph |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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