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CARDIAC KQ
Valvular Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many valves are in the heart? | 4 |
| What are the names of the valves in the heart? | tricuspid, mitral, aortic, pulmonary |
| What are the connecting structures for the mitral valve and tricuspid valves? | chordae tendinae and papillary muscles |
| blood backing up is referred to as? | regurgitation |
| What are some of the causes of valvular defects? | congential defect, rheumatic fever, infection |
| What is recommended for those that have had rheumatic fever? | prophylactic ABT |
| what happens with the flaps of the valve in MVP? | they bulge backward into the atrium |
| What causes MVP? | onfe flap is too large or defect in chordae tendinae |
| True or false MVP tends to be hereditary? | True |
| What is auscultated with MVP? | murmur |
| What kind of treatment for MVP is necessary? | none if patient asymptomatic |
| What are the Dx tests for MVP? | ECG,CXR,Echo,Cardiac Cath |
| What are the complications from MVP? | dilation of the left side of the heart, heart failure, bacterial endocarditis, and emboli |
| What is Mitral Stenosis? | narrowing of the valve opening |
| The narrowed opening in Mitral Stenosis obstructs blood flow where? | from the L atrium into the L ventricle |
| What is the major cause of Mitral Stenosis? | rheumatic fever |
| What is the s/sx of Mitral Stenosis? | none , then mild to more severe symptoms develop over time |
| What symptoms are commonly seen with Mitral Stenosis? | pulmonary : dyspnea, cough and hemoptysis |
| What are the Dx tests for Mitral Stenosis? | ECG, CXR, Echo, Cardiac Cath with angiography |
| What is a valvuloplasty? | balloon that dilates the stenosed heart valve, |
| What is a commisurotomy | valve flaps that are fused are separated to enlarge the opening |
| What is an annuloplasty? | repair or reconstruction of the valve flaps |
| What causes Mitral Valve Regurgitation? | incomplete closure of the mitral valve |
| What is the major cause of mitral regurgitation? | rheumatic heart disease |
| What are the symptoms of MR? | similar to Mitral stenosis |
| What are the Dx tests for MR? | ECG, CXR, Echo, cardiac catheterization |
| What is aortic stenosis? | blood flow from L vent. into the aorta is obstructed through the stenosed aortic valve |
| What is the major cause of aortic stenosis? | congenital defects or rheumatic heart disease |
| What is the primary symptom with aortic stenosis? | angina pectoris |
| What are other signs and symptoms of aortic stenosis? | murmur, syncope, heart failure s/sx, orthopnea, dyspnea, fatigue |
| What are the dx tests for aortic stenosis? | ECG, CXR, Echo, cardiac cath |
| What is the treatment of choice for aortic stenosis? | valve replacement |
| What is aortic regurgitation? | backlfor of blood from teh aorta into the left ventricle |
| What causes aortic regurgitation? | rheumatic heart disease, congenital defects, syphillis, endocarditis, HTN and RA |
| What are the first signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation? | exertional dyspnea, fatigue |
| What are the dx tests for aortic regurgitation? | ECG, CXR, echo, cardiac catheterization |
| What is the medical treatment for aortic regurgitation? | vasodilators, ABT (prophylactically), surgical valve replacement |
| what is nursing care aimed at with valvular disorders? | relieving pain, maintaining normal cardiac function, improving activity tolerance |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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