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What is skull morphology?
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What are the types of skull morphology and why are they important?
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Ch 11 Cranium-Facial
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is skull morphology? | the shape of the head determines the layout of the internal petrous ridges - necessary for imaging accurately |
| What are the types of skull morphology and why are they important? | AVERAGE - Mesocephalic - width 75-80% of length-petrous ridges at 47' WIDE - Brachycephalic - width >80% length-petrous ridges at ~54' NARROW - Dolichocephalic - width <80% length-petrous ridges at ~40' Tech may need to adjust technique for head size |
| Name the articulations of the adult skull by type and name. | Coronal suture Lambdoidal suture Squamosal suture Sagittal suture Fibrous joints, synarthrodial-type (non-moving) |
| What are the junctions of the adult sutures called? Name them. | Pterions and asterions BREGMA - vertex of skull-sagittal and coronal sutures LAMBDA - Sagittal and Lambdoidal sutures RIGHT/LEFT PTERION -frontal/parietal/temporal bones junction RIGHT/LEFT ASTERION - Lambdoidal and squamosal suture join |
| What are the regions where ossification is slow to occur in the human skull? At what age does complete ossification occur in humans? | Fontanels; mid to late 20s possibly in the 5th decade |
| Name the fontanel that develops into the BREGMA. | ANTERIOR fontanel |
| Name the fontanels that develop into the right/left PTERIONS. | right / left SPHENOID fontanels |
| Name the fontanel that develops into the LAMBDA. | POSTERIOR fontanel |
| Name the fontanels that develop into the right / left ASTERIONS. | right / left MASTOID fontanels |
| Name the small, irregular bones that sometimes develop in the human skull. | SUTURAL or WORMIAN bones |
| How many facial bones are there? | 14 |
| Name the facial bones. | Mandible Right / left maxillae Right / left zygoma bones Right / left nasal bones Right / left lacrimal bones Right / left palatine bones Right / left Inferior nasal conchae Vomer |
| Which of the following is not a facial bone? A) middle nasal conchae B) Vomer C) Lacrimal bone D) Mandible | A) middle nasal conchae |
| What is the largest immovable bone of the face? | Maxilla |
| List the four processes of the maxilla. | A) Frontal process B) Zygomatic process C) Alveolar process D) Palatine process |
| Which aspect of the maxilla is considered the most superior? | Frontal process |
| Which soft tissue landmark is found at the base of the anterior nasal spine? | Acanthion |
| Which facial bones form the posterior aspect of the hard palate? | palatine bones |
| Which two cranial bones articulate with the maxilla? | Frontal bone and ethmoid bone |
| Which facial bones are sometimes called the cheek bones? | Zygomatic bone |
| Which of the following bones does not articulate with the zygomatic bone? A) Temporal B) Mandible C) Frontal D) Sphenoid | B) Mandible |
| Which facial bone is associated with the tear duct? | Lacrimal |
| The purpose of the _____ or _____, is to divide the nasal cavity into compartments and to circulate air coming into the nasal cavities. (include both terms) | Conchae or Turbinates |
| TRUE/FALSE The right and left nasal bones form the largest part of the nose. | FALSE Most of the nose is composed of cartilage. |
| A deviated nasal septum is most likely to occur at the junction between _____ and _____. | Septal cartilage and the Vomer |
| Name the vertical portion of the mandible. | Ramus |
| Name the chin. | Mentum |
| Name the mandibular angle. | Gonion |
| Name the point of union between both halves of the mandible. | Symphysis menti |
| Name the bony process located anterior to the mandibular notch. | Coronoid process |
| Name the horizontal portion of the mandible. | Body |
| Name the posterior process of the upper ramus. | Condyloid process |
| Name the U shaped notch on the mandible. | mandibular notch |
| The single facial bone and pair of facial bones not visible from the exterior are ______ and _____. (they are demonstrated in special views of the facial bones) | Vomer and palatine bones |
| From anterior to posterior, the cone-shaped orbits project upward at an angle of _____ and toward midsagittal plane at an angle of _____. | up 30' and in 37' |
| Which facial bone opening has the maxillary branch of the fifth cranial nerve passing through it? | Inferior orbital fissure |
| Which of the facial bone openings is formed by a cleft between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid? | superior orbital fissure |
| What is another term for the second cranial nerve? | Optic nerve |
| CR angles and degrees of rotation stated in positioning for basic skull projections are based on the _____ (average) skull, which has an approximate angle of _____ between the midsagittal plane and the long axis of the petrous ridge. | MESOCEPHALIC; 47' |
| The long (narrow) _____ skull has an angle of approximately _____ degrees between the MSP and petrous bone. | DOLICHOCEPHALIC; 40' |
| TRUE/FALSE Two older terms for orbitomeatal line (OML) are Reid's base line and the anthropologic base line. | FALSE These refer to the IOML |
| There is a _____ degree difference between the orbitomeatal and infraorbitomeatal lines and a _____ degree difference between the orbitomeatal and glabellomeatal line. | 7 - 8 ' (same degree of difference) |
Created by:
Larobbins
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