Ch 11 Cranium-Facial
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| What is skull morphology? | the shape of the head determines the layout of the internal petrous ridges - necessary for imaging accurately
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| What are the types of skull morphology and why are they important? | AVERAGE - Mesocephalic - width 75-80% of length-petrous ridges at 47'
WIDE - Brachycephalic - width >80% length-petrous ridges at ~54'
NARROW - Dolichocephalic - width <80% length-petrous ridges at ~40'
Tech may need to adjust technique for head size
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| Name the articulations of the adult skull by type and name. | Coronal suture
Lambdoidal suture
Squamosal suture
Sagittal suture
Fibrous joints, synarthrodial-type (non-moving)
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| What are the junctions of the adult sutures called? Name them. | Pterions and asterions
BREGMA - vertex of skull-sagittal and coronal sutures
LAMBDA - Sagittal and Lambdoidal sutures
RIGHT/LEFT PTERION -frontal/parietal/temporal bones junction
RIGHT/LEFT ASTERION - Lambdoidal and squamosal suture join
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| What are the regions where ossification is slow to occur in the human skull? At what age does complete ossification occur in humans? | Fontanels;
mid to late 20s possibly in the 5th decade
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| Name the fontanel that develops into the BREGMA. | ANTERIOR fontanel
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| Name the fontanels that develop into the right/left PTERIONS. | right / left SPHENOID fontanels
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| Name the fontanel that develops into the LAMBDA. | POSTERIOR fontanel
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| Name the fontanels that develop into the right / left ASTERIONS. | right / left MASTOID fontanels
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| Name the small, irregular bones that sometimes develop in the human skull. | SUTURAL or WORMIAN bones
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| How many facial bones are there? | 14
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| Name the facial bones. | Mandible
Right / left maxillae
Right / left zygoma bones
Right / left nasal bones
Right / left lacrimal bones
Right / left palatine bones
Right / left Inferior nasal conchae
Vomer
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| Which of the following is not a facial bone? A) middle nasal conchae B) Vomer C) Lacrimal bone D) Mandible | A) middle nasal conchae
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| What is the largest immovable bone of the face? | Maxilla
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| List the four processes of the maxilla. | A) Frontal process
B) Zygomatic process
C) Alveolar process
D) Palatine process
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| Which aspect of the maxilla is considered the most superior? | Frontal process
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| Which soft tissue landmark is found at the base of the anterior nasal spine? | Acanthion
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| Which facial bones form the posterior aspect of the hard palate? | palatine bones
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| Which two cranial bones articulate with the maxilla? | Frontal bone and ethmoid bone
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| Which facial bones are sometimes called the cheek bones? | Zygomatic bone
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| Which of the following bones does not articulate with the zygomatic bone? A) Temporal B) Mandible C) Frontal D) Sphenoid | B) Mandible
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| Which facial bone is associated with the tear duct? | Lacrimal
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| The purpose of the _____ or _____, is to divide the nasal cavity into compartments and to circulate air coming into the nasal cavities. (include both terms) | Conchae or Turbinates
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| TRUE/FALSE The right and left nasal bones form the largest part of the nose. | FALSE
Most of the nose is composed of cartilage.
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| A deviated nasal septum is most likely to occur at the junction between _____ and _____. | Septal cartilage and the Vomer
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| Name the vertical portion of the mandible. | Ramus
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| Name the chin. | Mentum
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| Name the mandibular angle. | Gonion
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| Name the point of union between both halves of the mandible. | Symphysis menti
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| Name the bony process located anterior to the mandibular notch. | Coronoid process
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| Name the horizontal portion of the mandible. | Body
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| Name the posterior process of the upper ramus. | Condyloid process
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| Name the U shaped notch on the mandible. | mandibular notch
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| The single facial bone and pair of facial bones not visible from the exterior are ______ and _____. (they are demonstrated in special views of the facial bones) | Vomer and palatine bones
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| From anterior to posterior, the cone-shaped orbits project upward at an angle of _____ and toward midsagittal plane at an angle of _____. | up 30' and in 37'
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| Which facial bone opening has the maxillary branch of the fifth cranial nerve passing through it? | Inferior orbital fissure
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| Which of the facial bone openings is formed by a cleft between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid? | superior orbital fissure
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| What is another term for the second cranial nerve? | Optic nerve
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| CR angles and degrees of rotation stated in positioning for basic skull projections are based on the _____ (average) skull, which has an approximate angle of _____ between the midsagittal plane and the long axis of the petrous ridge. | MESOCEPHALIC;
47'
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| The long (narrow) _____ skull has an angle of approximately _____ degrees between the MSP and petrous bone. | DOLICHOCEPHALIC;
40'
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| TRUE/FALSE Two older terms for orbitomeatal line (OML) are Reid's base line and the anthropologic base line. | FALSE
These refer to the IOML
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| There is a _____ degree difference between the orbitomeatal and infraorbitomeatal lines and a _____ degree difference between the orbitomeatal and glabellomeatal line. | 7 - 8 ' (same degree of difference)
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