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CARDIAC KQ
Inflammatory/Infectious CV Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a serious complication of rheumatic fever? | rheumatic carditis |
| What condition occurs as an autoimmune reaction to an upper respiratory (throat) Group A beta-hemolytic strep infection? | rheumatic fever |
| How long after rheumatic infection does the fever occur? | 2-3 weeks |
| At what age does rheumatic fever normally occur? | ages 5-15 years |
| How many layers of the heart are involved with rheumatic fever? | ALL |
| What happens to the pericardial layers of the heart with rheumatic fever? | it becomes covered in exudate and thickens |
| How is the pericardial sac damaged with rheumatic fever? | by fibrosis |
| What are aschoff's bodies? | Nodules that form in myocardial tissue that become scar tissue over time |
| What heart valve experiences the most difficulties due to wear and tear? | mitral valve |
| What are the signs and symptoms of rheumatic carditis? | tachycardia, heart murmur,pericardial friction rub,chest pain, heart enlargement,ecg changes and evidence of heart failure |
| What is taught with regards to rheumatic carditis as a preventative measure that is VERY important? | prophylactic ABT before dental and invasive procedures |
| What is Infective endocarditis? | infection of the endocardium |
| How does IE begin? | with erosion on the endocardium, bacteria attaches and platelets and fibrin follow forming a vegetative lesion |
| What happens if a vegetative lesion in IE breaks off what does it create? | an emboli |
| What cardiac structures are prone to bacterial invasion? | damaged valves,valve replacement,MV prolapse |
| If there is aortic valve damage what may occur? | heart failure |
| What are the portals of entry for infection in Infective endocarditis (IE)? | IV drug use (sticks),surgery, dentition that is poor,invasive procedures, infections of the skin, GI and GU tract |
| What are the 2 risk factors with Infective endocarditis (IE)? | gingival gum disease and congenital or valvular heart disease |
| What is the most important preventative measure with infective endocarditis (IE)? | oral care |
| What are petechiae? | microembolization of the vegetation that may occur in the mucous membranes,skin, conjuctiva |
| What are Osler's nodes? | painful nodes on fingers and toes from cardiac emboli |
| What objective respiratory data would you expect with infective endocarditis? | crackles and tachypnea |
| What subjective cardiovascular data would you expect with infective endocarditis? | murmurs, tachycardia,dysrhythmias,edema,headache |
| What integumentary subjective data would you expect with infective endocarditis ? | nailbed splinter hemmorhage,petechiae on lips mouth, conjuctiva,feet and antecubital area |
| What renal subjective data would you expect with infective endocarditis? | hematuria |
| What would the WBC result be with infective endocarditis? | elevated |
| What would the ESR be with IE? | elevated |
| what would the CXR show with IE? | cardiomegaly |
| What is pericarditis? | inflammation of the pericardium |
| What causes pericarditis? lengthy | infections,drug reactions,connective tissue disorders (SLE,RA,rheumatic fever),neoplastic disease,postpericardiotomy,post MI,renal disease, uremia,trauma from chest injury |
| What is the common symptom of pericarditis? | chest pain |
| where is the chest pain located in pericarditits? | substernally, an over the heart may readiate to the clavicle neck left scapula or epigastric area |
| What is the classic sign of pericarditis? | pericardial friction rub |
| why does dyspnea occur with pericarditis? | as a result of decreased cardiac output and reduced oxygenation |
| What will the ECG reveal with pericarditis? | ST-T wave elevation in all leads |
| What is the procedure called that obtains fluid from around the heart? | pericardiocentesis |
| What is the purpose of a pericardial window? | to allow continuous drainage for a chronic constrictive pericarditis |
| What is cardiac tamponade? | fluid accumulation what compresses the heart |
| What is myocarditis? | inflammation of the myocardium |
| What are the causes of myocarditis? | virus,bacteria,parasites,fungi,rickettsiae,spirochetes,meds,lead toxicity, HIV, rheumatic fever,SLE,pericarditis or IE cardiac transplant rejection |
| Can myocarditis result in death? | yes |
| What is cardiomyopathy? | enlargement of the heart muscle |
| What is dilated cardiomyopathy? | size of ventricular cavity enlarges |
| What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | enlargement of the muscle walls of the left ventricle walls are rigid |
| What is restrictive cardiomyopathy? | impairs ventricle stretch and limits ventricular filling |
| What is the medical treatment for cardiomyopathy mainly? | palliative |
| What is thrombophlebitis? | formation of a clot and inflammation of the vein |
| what is a DVT? | thrombosis in a deep vein |
| What is a thrombosis made up of? | platelets, red blood cells white blood cells and fibrin |
| what are the 3 factors to thrombus formation? | stasis of blood flow, damage to the lining of the wall, and increased blood coagulation |
| What is the primary cause of thrombophlebitis in the arm? | IVs |
| Why is a vena cava filter placed in the inferior vena cava? | to prevent emboli from reaching the lungs |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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