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Chem Exam Rev
Chem Exam Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes |
| independent variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated or changed; the variable whose effect is being studied. |
| dependent variable | The variable that is being measured during an experiment; results |
| Chemical property | a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions - flammable, corrosive, toxicity, reactivity |
| Physical property | a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance- ductility, malleability, boiling point, melting point, color, shape, density |
| malleability | easy to hammer into flat sheets |
| ductility | able to draw into thin wires |
| solids | particles have a strong attraction and are packed closely together; vibrate in place; definite shape and definite volume |
| gases | Particles are far apart and have no attraction to one another; no definite shape; no definite volume; particles expand and move rapidly |
| atom | Smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element |
| element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom; examples are gold, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen |
| compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds; examples are water, carbon dioxide, sodium chloride (salt) |
| mixture | A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined; examples are salt water, rocks, milk, pop, bread |
| Signs of a chemical reaction | bubbles, color change, odor change, heat/light emitted, solid precipitate forms from liquids |
| Combustion | Burning - a reaction that requires the presence of OXYGEN to occur |
| reactants | A starting material in a chemical reaction; usually found on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation |
| products | The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction; usually found on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation |
| nucleus | center of the atom; made of the protons and the neutrons |
| mass number | value obtained from adding the mass of the protons + the neutrons in an atom |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| ions | positively and negatively charged atoms formed from the gain or loss of ELECTRONS |
| isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of NEUTRONS |
| ionic bonds | Formed when one or more electrons are given/transferred from one atom to another |
| covalent bond | A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| proton | positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | negatively charged particle; found in orbitals around the nucleus, not found inside the nucleus |
Created by:
MrsTwining
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