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NRTC
Neuro Ch. 36&37 Med/Surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This CN is responsible for the sensory response of smell | CNI Olfactory |
| Responsible for the sensory response of sight | CNII Optic |
| responsible for the motor response of iris contraction | CNIII Occularmotor |
| Responsible for the motor response of eye movement | CNIV Trochlear |
| Both motor and sensory that is responsible for face sense and chewing | CNV Trigeminal |
| Also a motor response for eye movement | CNVI Abducens |
| Both motor and sensory responsible for expression, taste, and salivary secretions | CNVII Facial |
| Sensory response for hearing and balance | CNVIII Auditory |
| Both motor and sensory responsible for taste, swallowing, and parotid gland secretions | CNIX Glossopharyngeal |
| Both motor and sensory responsible for digestive enzymes, HR, speech muscles, GI motility, resp, swallowing, cough, and vomit | CNX VAGUS |
| Motor response that controls head and shoulder movement | CNXI Spinal accessory |
| Motor response that controls tongue movement | CNXII hypoglossal |
| Brain stem leaves the occipital bone through the | foramen magnum |
| the brain stem is responsible for | resp. and cardiac |
| what controls body temperature | hypothalamus |
| conducts and impulse | neurons |
| protects the neurons and form myelin and blood brain barrier. | neuroglia |
| largest portion of the brain located around the cerebellum and is coated in cerebral cortex. Divided by corpus collosum. | cerebrum |
| what substance makes up most of CSF | glucose |
| CSF is produced in these ventricles | Choroid plexus |
| dura, arachnoid, and pia are called | meninges |
| section of the brain responsible for personality | central sulcus |
| section of the brain responsible for speech | parietal lobe |
| section of the brain responsible for visual | occipital lobe |
| section of the brain responsible for auditory | temporal lobe |
| separates temporal and frontal lobes | lateral sulcus |
| section of brain responsible for writing motor and coordination. | Frontal lobe |
| classified as a nerve tract | corpus collasum |
| end of one neuron to the beginning of another | synaptic gap |
| protects brain from chemicals and large substances | blood brain barrier |
| electrical conduction down the axon | saltatory conduction |
| motor neurons are made of | dendrites and axons |
| excite or inhibit neurons; chemicals released by synaptic nobs | neurotransmitters |
| fatty substance covers axon | myelin |
| when the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and vice versa | contralateral |
| space in the meninges that holds CSF | subarachnoid space |
| end of spinal nerve | caudaequina |
| ventral motor roots | dorsal sensory |
| spinal never root innervates a specific area (map) | dermatones |
| fight or flight; released during stressful situations, emotions, and severe illness | sympathetic nervous system |
| Sympathetic Nervous system prompts adrenal medulla to produce what three catecholamines? | dopamine, Norepinephrine, and epinephrine |
| Nervous system that slows HR, increases GI, and encourages eliminating body waste | Parasympathetic (PNS) |
| PNS produces this hormone that increases skeletal muscle contraction and causes cardiac muscle relaxation. | Acetylcholine |
| posture leaning away from pain | antalgia posture |
| for a head, neck, and spine injury, what places would you look for cerebral spinal fluid leaks? | Mouth, nose, eyes, and ears |
| posturing with arms flexed, fist clenched, and legs extended | decorticate |
| posturing with stiff and rigid extremities | decerebrate |
| no motor response (posture) | flaccidity |
| pt can be aroused only to fall asleep again | somnolent |
| what score on the glasgow coma scale indicates a comatose state? | 7 or below |
| size of normal pupil dilation | 2-3 mm |
| diagnostic test used if pt has metal in the body | Computed tomography (CT) |
| radio frequency used to show tissue, veins, and arteries | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
| shows brain's cerebral blood flow and status of receptors used to diagnose Alzheimer's and Parkinson's | Single-Proton emission computed tomography (SPECT) |
| shows metabolic activity of a body structure | Positron emission tomography (PET) |
| what position do you place the patient in for a lumbar puncture | side-lying (knee to chest) or tripod |
| what is the location of a lumbar puncture | L3 or L4 |
| Lumbar punctures show the presence of pathogenic microorganisms by removing fluid from where? | subarachnoid space |
| contrast study that detects distortion of cerebral arteries and veins; shows the blood flow to brain; diagnose aneurysms | cerebral angiography |
| shows electrical impulses generated in the brain | Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
| shows nerve injury or compression; diagnoses carpal tunnel and peripheral neuropathy | Nerve conduction study |
| ultrasound of the brain | Echoencephalography |
| A way to cure a HA after a spinal tap; often given with sumatriptin; 20-30 mL of venous blood put into the spine | blood patch |
| electrical potential to muscles and nerve supply to musles | Electromyography (EMG) |
| what should you avoid prior to an EMG | anticoagulants and blood thinners |
| part of the vertebrae that bears weight | vertebral body |
| dilation/constriction of cerebral blood vessel in response to changes in BP, O2, and pH maintains constant and consisten tissue perfusion | ICP |
| Leads to altered VS | pressure on brainstem via foramen magnum |
| when is a HA more severe with ICP | AM |
| pulse rate increases then decrease, systolic BP increases (widened pulse pressure), resp. rate irregular (cheyne-stokes) | Cushings Triad |
| what type of solution should you avoid with ICP because it could increase it's symptoms | hypotonic |
| the HOB should be in what position to decrease HA with ICP | midline at 30 degrees |
| use this osmotic diuretic to decrease fluid in the body (ICP) | mannitol |
| inflammation of the meninges | Meningitis |
| what infectious microorganism can cause meningitis | Stroptococcus pneumoniae (streptococci) |
| fungal meningitis is common with this diagnosis | AIDs |
| viral meningitis is caused by herpes, mumps, and enteroviruses and is most common in | children and older adults |
| medications to treat meningitis | vanc, penicillin, cephalosporins, rifampin (bacterial) |
| swelling of the brain and pathologic changes in both white and gray matter and surrounding meninges (often vector-borne); may be associated with childhood vaccines | Encephalitis |
| three ways to prevent vector-borne encephalitis | Bug spray, long sleeves, and avoid stagnant water |
| treatment for encephalitis | symptomatic treatment |
| post flu/ resp infection; antibodies attack schwann cells that make up insulation myelin sheath surrounding axon on nerves causing inflammation and edema. May be autoimmune | Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) |
| how does GBS progress | peripheral to trunk |
| process of filtering blood plasma | plasmapheresis |
| goal with GBS | increase protein |
| why is GBS so critical | paralysis of resp, muscles |
| collection of purulent material in brain | brain abscess |
| both chronic and progressive; demyelinating disease causing permanent degeneration/destruction of myelin sheath of muscles. | Multiple sclerosis (MS) |
Created by:
LBerkey
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