Precipitation containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water.

Subsoil - Zone of accumulation.

Slightly weathered soil layer. Rock from which the soil was formed.

Creation of carbonic acid. Will dissolve anything that has the mineral calcite.

The process that breaks down rocks and changes them into different substances.

sediment size 0.0001 to 0.0004 cm

sediment size 6.4 cm to 25.6 cm

Planting along the natural contours of the land to reduce soil erosion.

The removal and transport of material by wind

The process by which outer rock layers are stripped away by agents of erosion.

High Temp and wet conditions

Highest chance for chemical weathering.

A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.

Process in which water below the ground surface freezes and expands resulting in an elevation of the ground above.

Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks

Underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves.

Low Temp and dry conditions

Highest chance for mechanical weathering.

Mechanical weathering

The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

A way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage.

The uppermost horizon of soil. It is primarily made up of organic material

A chemical change in which iron combines with oxygen

Bedrock or other material from which soil is formed.

Plants produce weak acids that break down rocks. Lichens or mosses break down rocks and can form soil.

Soil that remains above its parent rock.

Roots grow into and under rocks and pry the rocks apart causing cracks to get bigger. Ex: cracks in the sidewalk.

The peeling of rounded thin layers from the rock's surface.

sediment size 0.0004 to 0.006 cm

The combination of particles of rocks

invisible material carried by water that has been dissolved out of bedrock

stream highest velocity

In the middle of a stream when its going straight.

Planting regular crops and close-growing plants

materials that are heavier that water are stirred up and kept from sinking by turbulence or the flowing water.

step-like ledges cut into mountains to make land suitable for farming

soil that is formed from parent material left by winds

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

Belts of trees along field edges to reduce wind erosion.

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Earth Science Vocab

Term	Definition
A-Horizon	Topsoil - Dark colored
acid rain	Precipitation containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water.
B-horizon	Subsoil - Zone of accumulation.
C-Horizon	Slightly weathered soil layer. Rock from which the soil was formed.
carbonation	Creation of carbonic acid. Will dissolve anything that has the mineral calcite.
chemical weathering	The process that breaks down rocks and changes them into different substances.
clay	sediment size 0.0001 to 0.0004 cm
cobbles	sediment size 6.4 cm to 25.6 cm
contour farming	Planting along the natural contours of the land to reduce soil erosion.
erosion	The removal and transport of material by wind
exfoliation	The process by which outer rock layers are stripped away by agents of erosion.
High Temp and wet conditions	Highest chance for chemical weathering.
hydrolysis	A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.
hydrosphere	All the water on Earth.
Ice heaving	Process in which water below the ground surface freezes and expands resulting in an elevation of the ground above.
ice wedging	Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks
karst topography	Underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves.
Low Temp and dry conditions	Highest chance for mechanical weathering.
Mechanical weathering	The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
no-till farming	A way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage.
O-horizon	The uppermost horizon of soil. It is primarily made up of organic material
oxidation	A chemical change in which iron combines with oxygen
Parent Material	Bedrock or other material from which soil is formed.
pebbles	sediment size 0.2 cm to 6.4 cm
Plant Acids	Plants produce weak acids that break down rocks. Lichens or mosses break down rocks and can form soil.
Residual soil	Soil that remains above its parent rock.
root action	Roots grow into and under rocks and pry the rocks apart causing cracks to get bigger. Ex: cracks in the sidewalk.
sand	sediment size 0.006 to 0.2 cm
sheet jointing	The peeling of rounded thin layers from the rock's surface.
silt	sediment size 0.0004 to 0.006 cm
soil	The combination of particles of rocks
solution	invisible material carried by water that has been dissolved out of bedrock
stream highest velocity	In the middle of a stream when its going straight.
strip cropping	Planting regular crops and close-growing plants
suspension	materials that are heavier that water are stirred up and kept from sinking by turbulence or the flowing water.
terraces	step-like ledges cut into mountains to make land suitable for farming
Transported soils	soil that is formed from parent material left by winds
weathering	The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
windbreaks	Belts of trees along field edges to reduce wind erosion.

Created by: MrsShwood

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