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Homeostasis - Ch 4

QuestionAnswer
Prokaryote An organism whose cells do not have membrane-enclosed organelles, such as nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryote An organism whose cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles. Protists, fungi, plants, and animals are this type of cell.
Nucleus A membranous organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell’s DNA.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) The hereditary material of all organisms. Makes up the genes. These nucleic acids contain deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases.
Ion Any molecule that has an electrical charge. Example: Sodium and Chlorine form these when salt is dissolved into water.
Impermeable Not permeable. Impossible to pass through.
Permeable Open to passage or to penetration.
Selectively permeable A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross and prevents other from crossing.
Protein An organic compound composed of one or more polypeptide chains of amino acids. Most structural materials and enzymes within cells are these.
Receptor Specialized protein molecules on the outside of cell membranes that bind to specific molecules such as hormones.
Variable An observable (usually measurable) quantity or quality of an experiment that a scientist considers as a factor affecting the experiment’s outcome. Usually considered either dependent or independent.
Homeostasis The tendency of an organism to maintain a stable, constant internal environment.
Active Transport The movement of a substance across a biological membrane AGAINST its concentration gradient with the help of energy input and specific proteins.
Passive Transport The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane through a transport protein in the membrane.
Solution Two or more substances combined to make a homogenous mixture. Usually made by completely mixing water with other solid materials such as salts or sugar.
Solute The dissolved substance in a solution.
Solvent The liquid into which the solute is dissolved.
Isotonic A solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell is equals to the concentration inside.
Hypertonic A solution in which the concentration of solutes outside a cell is greater than the concentration inside.
Hypotonic A solution in which the concentration of solutes outside a cell is less than the concentration inside.
Indicator A chemical substance added to a solution to provide a measurement of the solution. Most often used to show the presence of a substance or the pH of a solution.
Organelle An organized structure within a cell with a specific function. Examples: chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus.
Organ A collection of tissues joined together in a structural unit to serve a common function. Example: the heart.
Organ System A group of organs that interact to perform a set of related tasks. Example: digestive system.
Diffusion The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Compartment A separate division or section.
Osmosis The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Concentration Gradient A difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.
Cell Membrane The layer of lipids and proteins that enclose a cell to separate its interior from the external environment.
Diuretic Any substance that promotes the increased formation and excretion of urine.
Created by: magtutu
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