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Plate Tectonics Chp9
PHS Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| continental drift | Wegener's idea that the continents slowly moved over the Earth's surface. |
| Pangaea | Pangaea was a single landmass where all of the continents were joined together. |
| trench | the deepest parts of earth's oceans-a surface feature in the seafloor produced by the descending plate during subduction. |
| mid-ocean ridge | longest mountain range in the world - most of ridge underwater - a divergent plate boundary where sea-floor spreading occurs. |
| rift valley | deep faulted structure found along the aces of divergent plate boundaries; rift valleys can develop on the seafloor or on land. |
| sea-floor spreading | the process by which plate tectonics produces new oceanic lithosphere at ocean-ridges. |
| subduction | the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a trench and back into the mantle at a colliding plate boundary |
| paleomagnetism | the magnetization of a rock that reflects the polarity and direction of Earth's magnetic field at the time that the rock was formed. |
| plate | a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust. |
| plate tectonics | geological theory - states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion and are driven by the convention currents in the asthenosphere |
| divergent boundary | where two plates move apart |
| convergent boundary | where two plates move together |
| transform fault boundary | where two plates slip past each other moving in opposite directions |
| continental volcanic arc | mountains formed in part by volcanic activity caused by the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent |
| volcanic island arc | a chain of volcanic islands generall located a few hundred kilometers from a trench where subduction of one oceanic slab beneath another is occuring. |
| convection current | the transfer of heat by the movement of a mass or substance - only takes place in fluids. |
| mantle plume | a mass of hotter-than-normal mantle mterial that ascends toward the surface, where it may lead to igneous activity. |
| slab-pull | a mechanism that contibutes to plate motion in which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and pulls the trailing lithosphere along |
| ridge-push | a mechanism that may contribute to plate motion; it involves the oceanic lithosphere sliding down the oceanic ridge wwunder the pull of gravity. |
| fossil | any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock |
| SONAR | device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves - sound navigation and ranging. |
| faults | a fracture in Earth along which movement has occurred. |
| scientific theory | a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations |
Created by:
melaniebird
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