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Biotic/AbioticFactor

8.11A 8.11B

TermDefinition
Abiotic nonliving factors in the environment; physical rather than biological; do not come from living organisms
Biotic living factors in the environment; relating to, produced by, or caused by living organisms
Ecosystem the living and nonliving components of an environment
Population all of the members of a species living in a particular area at a particular time
Variation all the organisms in a population are not exactly the same due to differences in traits caused by genetic mutations
Adaptation a trait which helps an organism or species survive
Genetic Mutations an alteration or change in a gene or section of DNA which codes for a trait
Natural Selection the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Survival of the Fittest a natural process resulting in the survival of organisms best suited to live in an environment
carrying capacity the largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time
competition two or more individuals or populations trying to use the same resources such as food, water, shelter, space, or sunlight
habitat the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism
limiting factor resources that limit population growth
organism a living being, such as an animal, plant, fungus, protist or bacteria
population members of the same species; example – a grove of oak trees, citizens of Gilmer or herd of cows
short-term environmental changes drought, smog, flooding, volcanic eruption, blizzards, and pollution;do not give populations time to adapt to the change and force them to move or become extinct
long-term environmental changes such as natural temperature fluctuations, affect organisms over generations, occur gradually over time and allow populations the opportunity to adapt.
Ecological Succession series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance
Primary Succession succession that occurs on surface where no soil occurs
Secondary Succession type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances
Pioneer Species the first species to populate an area
Marine ecosystems ecosystems found in salty water such as oceans, seas, and gulfs.
Terrestrial ecosystems ecosystems found on land
Freshwater ecosystems ecosystems found in water with little salt content such as lakes, streams, ponds, and rivers.
Biodiversity the variety of species living within an ecosystem
Subsequent populations future generations of a specific population of species
Pollution the contamination of air, water, or soil by substances that are harmful to living organisms
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