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Water Pollution
APES Water Pollution Chap 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wastewater | Water produced by livestock operations and human activities, including human sewage from toilets and gray water from bathing and washing of clothes and dishes. |
| Point source | A distinct location from which pollution is directly produced. |
| Nonpoint source | A diffuse area that produces pollution. |
| Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) | The amount of oxygen a quantity of water uses over a period of time at specific temperatures. |
| Dead zone | In a body of water, an area with extremely low oxygen concentration and very little life. |
| Eutrophication | A phenomenon in which a body of water becomes rich in nutrients causing a rapid growth of algae, known as an algal bloom. |
| Cultural eutrophication | An increase in fertility in a body of water, the result of anthropogenic inputs of nutrients. |
| Indicator species | A species that indicates whether or not disease-causing pathogens are likely to be present. |
| Fecal coliform bacteria | A group of generally harmless microorganisms in human intestines that can serve as an indicator species for potentially harmful microorganisms associated with contaminated sewage. |
| Septic system | A relatively small and simple sewage treatment system, made up of a septic tank and a leach field, often used for homes in rural areas. |
| Septic tank | A large container that receives wastewater from a house as part of a septic system. |
| Sludge | Solid waste material from wastewater. |
| Septage | A layer of fairly clear water found in the middle of a septic tank. |
| Leach field | A component of a septic system, made up of underground pipes laid out below the surface of the ground. |
| Manure lagoon | Human-made pond lined with rubber built to handle large quantities of manure produced by livestock. |
| Acid deposition | Acids deposited on Earth as rain and snow or as gases and particles that attach to the surfaces of plants, soil, and water. |
| Perchlorates | A group of harmful chemicals used for rocket fuel. |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | A group of industrial compounds used to manufacture plastics and insulate electrical transformers, and responsible for many environmental problems. |
| Thermal pollution | Nonchemical water pollution that occurs when human activities cause a substantial change in the temperature of water. |
| Thermal shock | A dramatic change in water temperature that can kill organisms. |
| Clean Water Act | Legislation that supports the “protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water” by maintaining and, when necessary, restoring the chemical, physical, and biological properties of surface waters. |
| Safe Drinking Water Act | Legislation that sets the national standards for safe drinking water. |
| Maximum contaminant level (MCL) | The standard for safe drinking water established by the EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act. |
| noise pollution | the sound of city traffic and sounds emitted by ships and submarines that interfere with animal communication |
| Mercury | is another naturally occurring heavy metal found in increased concentrations in water as a result of human activities such as burning coal |
| Arsenic | is a compound that occurs naturally in Earth’s crust and can dissolve into groundwater, naturally occurring in rocks and from industrial uses such as wood preservatives |
| Lead | is rarely found in natural drinking water, but it contaminates water that passes through pipes and other materials such as brass fittings and solder used to fasten pipes together |
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