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7th Grade Chapter 4

Genetics: The Science of Heredity

QuestionAnswer
purebred the offspring of many generations that have the same traits
gene factors that control traits
alleles the different forms of a gene
TT two dominant alleles
Tt one dominant allele and one recessive allele
hybrid an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
probability a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
homozygous an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
trait the physical characteristics that are studied in genetics
phenotype an organism's physical appearance
genotype an organism's genetic makeup
heterozygous an organism with two different alleles for a trait
Punnett square shows all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
codominance a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
genetic code is determined by the order of nitrogen bases along a gene
mutation any change in a gene or chromosome
transfer RNA carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein
chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together
protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
chromosome theory of inheritance genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes
meiosis when chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells
messenger RNA copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
cytoplasm the part of the cell in which proteins are made
a group of three nitrogen bases codes for a specific amino acid
uracil a nitrogen base found in RNA, but is not part of DNA
harmful mutation reduces the organism's chances for survival and reproduction
Created by: Mrs. Gordon
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