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CARDIAC KQ

Hypertension

QuestionAnswer
What is the DBP parameter for high blood pressure? above 90mm/Hg
What is the parameter for SBP for high blood pressure? above 140mm/Hg
How is blood pressure determined? by CO,PVR,viscosity of blood and amount of circulating volume
What processed control CO and PVR? nervous system regulation, arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors,renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism,balance of body fluids
What is PVR? the opposition that blood as it flows through the vessels'
What factors impair normal regulation of blood pressure? sympathetic nervous system overstimulation,alterations in baroreceptors and chemoreceptors,increases in hormones that cause sodium retention,changes in kidney function
What is primary hypertension? chronic elevation of blood pressure from an unknown cause
What is secondary hypertension? has a known cause,is a sign of another problem,
What happens if secondary hypertension is treated BEFORE permanent structural changes occur? blood pressure usually returns to normal
What is ISH? isolated hypertension, SBP of 160 mmHg or greater and normal DBP
When does ISH occur? normally in the elderly
HOw is ISH treated? lifestyle modification, and if necessary medication
What is the silent killer? HTN
Why is HTN known as the silent killer? because most persons are asymptomatic
What are some symptoms experienced from HTN? headache, bloody nose,blurred visiona
What is target organ disease? long term effects of HTN on large and small vessels of the heart, kidneys, brain and eyes
What lab tests are done for dx of HTN? Electrolytes,CBC, glucose,uric acid,chol and triglyceride
What basic dx procedures are done on dx of HTN? ECG and CXR
What are the modifiable risk factors for HTN? stress, blood glucose,activity levels,smoking, salt and ETOH intake
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for HTN? family hx, age, ethnicity,and DM
Why are the economically deprived have increased risk for HTN? poor nutrition,low status jobs,frustration,discontent,supression of hostility, limited quality healthcare availability,poor living conditions
What foods are rich in potassium? oranges, bananas,broccoli
what foods are rich in calcium? milk,yogurt,spinach
What foods are rich in Magnesium? spinach,garbanzo beans,lima beans
In order which types of food are preferable for vegetables? fresh, frozen then canned
Why is smoking a major risk factor? nicotine constricts the blood vessels
What time frame is allowed for modifications to take effect for lifestyle before meds should be introduced? 6-12 months
What medical intervention is recommended for stage 1 or 2 HTN? diuretics and beta blockers
There are 8 categories of medication for HTN name them! diuretics, alpha blockers,beta blockers,calcium channel blockers,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE),central agents, peripheral agents and vasodilators
What is a significant side effect of HTN meds for men? impotence
What is the most important thing to tell pts with regards to medication compliance? the pt should be told not to discontinue meds unless an MD or APRN has told them to do so
What are the complications of HTN? CAD,atherosclerosis,MI,CVA,kidney or eye damage
What is hypertrophy and where does it occur in HTN? increased size of tissue, in the left ventricle
What do you teach a pt that is going to have a surgical procedure that is currently on HTN meds? continue the med utnil the time of the procedure unless otherwise directed and resume as soon as possible after the procedure unless told otherwise
What is a hypertensive crisis? severe type of HTN that is rapidly progressive, with DBP >110
How soon should one be treated with HTN crisis? within an hour
What are the signs of HTN crisis? headaches,blurred vision, dizziness, nosebleeds and dyspnea,diminished level of consciousness, weakness,paralysis,palpitations or c/o cp
What is one med that may be started for HTN crisis? Nipride
Created by: Kelly Quijano
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