Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Waste manage q2
Modules 4 to 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three techniques to assess waste generation | Weight to volume, load counts, and materials balancing |
| 4 steps in material balancing | 1. Set a boundary 2. identify activities 3. identify rates of generation with activities 4. Do the math |
| Things that impact rate of waste generation | At source reduction programs; recycling programs; public attitudes; geographic location; etc. |
| Waste diversion impacts which three things? | Generation, characterization, and costs |
| Parts of pre-processing | Vehicle weigh-ins, receiving/storage, movement within facility, and materials recovery facilities |
| Two ways of receiving waste | Pit and crane(more traditional, but waste comingled) Tipping floor(sloped for liquid collection, goes 24/7) |
| Ways of moving waste within the facility | Flyte conveyor (horizontal, steel plates and strips) Belt conveyor (horizontal, troughed rubber belt) Bucket conveyor (vertical movement shredded wastes) Pneumatic conveyor (light wastes blown through pipes) |
| Methods of reducing particle size | Hammer mill and shear shredder |
| Describe a hammer mill | A ferris wheel of hammers over a mesh screen which only allows certain size of waste through the funnel |
| Describe a shear shredder | Scissor action from counter rotating shafts |
| Issues with hammer mills and shear shredders | Fire from friction Explosions from aerosol cans jams |
| Types of size separators | Trommel screens, disk screens, and vibrating screens |
| Describe a trommel screen | A cylindrical, rotating device with undersize holes on top, ideal size holes on bottom, and anything that goes through is an over |
| Describe a disk screen | Interlocking disks turn in the same direction, various size spaces |
| Describe a vibrating screen | Inclined mesh screens are shaked and vibrated. Multiple mesh sizes |
| Density separation methods | Flotation of hydrophobics (waste seeks own density) Air classification (uses gravity, air currents, and density) |
| Magnetic separation methods/uses | Ferrous/nonferrous Aluminum recovery |
| How is aluminum recovered | Aluminum and paper have similar densities, so an EIPAC sensor detects aluminum and sends an air blast, then a PULSOR sensor sends a field to repel the aluminum |
| The three Ts of combustion | Time (2 sec), Temperature (1200), Turbulence (mix with enough oxygen) |
| Types of incineration | Mass burn, RDF, and fluidized bed |
| Describe the mass burn incinerator | Waste slopes into the burner, where steam is collected and turns turbines to make energy. |
| Describe the RDF incinerator | RDF= refuse derived fuels Shred, blow, cyclone, slurry, cubes, burned |
| Describe the fluidized bed incinerator | A glass round bottom tube with sand inside. After initial ignition, the RDF inlet is opened and natural gas not used as a fuel. |
| What are the objectives of composting? | To form stable organic compounds, and create a suitable and safe amendment for soil |
| Aspects of good compost | Dark brown, low C:N, high water absorption and CEC |
| Parts of pre-processing compost | 50-60% moisture needed Aerobic system At least 20C:1N Neutral pH 15-60 temperature |
| Stages of composting | Day 1-5= mesophiles generate heat, organic acids produced Day 5= thermophiles start, organic acids into carbon dioxide and carbon Day 5-18= Temperature over 55C Day 18= temp down, pH up/stable |
| Issues with compost | Odor, pathogens, metals, quality |
| Compost categories | A for everyone, B for industry |
| Methods of industrial composting | Windrows and piles (common) Vessel (pricey but less room needed) |
| What is a landfill? | Physical facility for disposal/storage of solid wastes |
| What is a sanitary landfill? | A cover is used to decrease risk to health and the environment |
| What is a secure landfill? | Stores hazardous sold wastes |
| What is a cell? | The volume placed in a landfill during a given period of time |
| What is cover? | Native soil or compost applied to a cell. May be daily 15 cm or final. |
| Functions of final cover. | Prevents infiltration, collects runoff, and supports growth |
| What is a lift? | A complete layer of cells over the landfill surface |
| What is a bench/terrace? | Method of maintaining the slope (think of an Aztec pyramid) |
| What is landfill gas? | Usually methane and carbon dioxide, may also be H2S, ammonia, VoC, N2 and O2 |
| Parts of post-closure care for a landfill | Monitoring, collections, gas management, cap inspections |
| Types of landfill designs | Excavated trench, area landfill, canyon landfill |
| Which type of landfill is banned in AB | Canyon |
| Differentiate between excavated and area landfills | Excavated goes below grade and is used when the water table is low. Area starts at grade, and is used when the water table is high |
| Classes of landfill | I- secure II- sanitary III- inert |
| When is an approval not needed for a landfill? | If there is less than 10 000 tonnes of non hazardous waste accepted |
| Ideal haul distance | 40/52 |
| Where can't you put a landfill? | Airports, near water |
| Ideal soil for landfill | clays |
Created by:
swilson67
Popular Science sets