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Evolution test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors (change over time/ generations) | evolution |
used to compare DNA b/w species | DNA sequencing |
features found in different organisms that share structural similarities but different functions; shows strong evidence of common descent | Homologous structures |
What are examples of homologous structures? | human arm/ hand and bat wing |
perform similar functions not similar in origin; not used for common descent; developed because of similar environments | analogous structures |
What are examples of analogous structures? | whale fin, shark fin |
remnants of one important structures that gradually have lost all or most of their function over time; happens as a whole species | vestigial structures |
the preserved remains or the trace evidence of an organism's existence in the past; can be compared to each other to determine common descent; can determine age | fossil |
developed the theory that modern organisms evolved over long periods of time from common ancestors "Natural Selection" | Charles Darwin |
a feature that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in their environment therefore allowing the feature to be passed to the next generation | adaptation |
organisms with variations most well suited to an environment will survive; nature selects who lives and dies | natural selection |
how well an organism is suited to its environment; not necessarily strongest/ fastest, could be smallest, or colors | fitness |
can blend in with environment | camouflage |
organisms will copy each other to confuse predators | mimicry |
developed binomial nomenclature | Linnaeus |
2-3 word name given to specific species; 1st word is genus, 2nd word is species(usually describes a unique feature or the habitat | binomial nomenclature |
Why do we have binomial nomenclature? | different languages |
since adaptations are random mutations that ended up being useful, humans take advantage of those mutations | artificial selection |
Where can we see natural selection today? | tortoises, finshes; peppered moths; pesticide resistant bugs; drug resistant bacteria |
diagram(tree) of how things are related | cladogram |
trait that is passed to the next generation | derived characters |
something happened or changed causing a new branch | splitting event |
allow scientists to identify organisms according to traits | dichotomous key |
combination of alleles | genotype |
form of a gene | allele |
physical appearance | phenotype |
group of the same species | population |
all of the traits (alleles) within a population | gene pool |
movement of alleles into or out of a population | gene flow |
a change in allele frequency due to chance alone | genetic drift |
reduction in a population due to a random event; reduces genetic variation | bottleneck effect |
a small number of individuals become isolated from the original population(variation reduced) | founder effect |
most individuals in this population have traits that fall b/w 2 extremes | normal distribution |
observable change in the allele frequency over time | microevolution |
one extreme is selected for | directional selection |
both extremes are selected for | disruptive selection |
speciation through the diversification of one ancestral species into many descendant species | adaptive radiation |
passes from generation to generation without having to be learned | innate behavior(instinctive behavior) |
an animal reduces its fitness to help other members of its social group "good of the group is more important that oneself" | altruism |
anything that triggers a response | stimulus |