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Meiosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gamete(s) | reproductive cells |
| Haploid | a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Oogenesis | production or development of an ovum |
| Ovum/ova | mature female reproductive cell |
| Sperm | male reproductive cell |
| Zygote | fertilized egg |
| Tetrad | set of 4 |
| Synapsis | fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis |
| Fertilization | two gametes fuse to become a zygote |
| Disjunction | homologous chromosomes move apart toward the opposite poles of the cell in anaphase I and sister chromatids separate and move away from each other during anaphase II |
| Gametogenesis | cells undergo meiosis to form gametes |
| Homologous chromosome | chromosome pairs that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location |
| Crossing over | the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring |
| Gonads | reproductive organs |
| Spermatogenesis | the production or development of mature spermatozoa. |
| Polar Bodies | each of the small cells which bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova |
| Meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
| Variation | a different or distinct form or version of something. |
| Nondisjunction | failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division |
| Genes | a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |