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Miosis Vocab
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gamete | gametes are the cells used during sexual reproduction to produce a new individual organism or zygote. Mans gamete is the sperm and the females gamete is the egg/ova. |
| Haploid | haploid is the state of having the half of the set of chromosomes as in a germ cell or a gamete |
| Oogenesis | Oogenesis is the process by which the female gametes, or ova, are created |
| Ovum/ova | The ovum/ova is a gamete, produced by the female is called the egg or ovum. |
| Sperm | The sperm is the male gamete or reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction |
| Zygote | Zygote is the cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an ovum). |
| Tetrad | A tetrad is a four-part structure that forms during the prophase of meiosis and consists of two homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids |
| Synapsis | Synapsis is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them. |
| Fertilization | Fertilization is a process in sexual reproduction that involves the union of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes (each with a single, haploid set of chromosomes) to produce a diploid zygote. |
| Disjunction | Disjunction is the normal separation or moving apart of chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell during cell division. |
| Gametogenesis | Gametogenesis is the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis. |
| Homologous chromosome | Homologous chromosome is One of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence |
| Crossing over | Crossing over is a process occurring during meiosis wherein homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material |
| Gonads | Gonads is the sex organ producing gametes. |
| Spermatogenesis | Spermatogenesis is the process occurring in the male gonad of sexually reproducing organism wherein the undifferentiated male germ cells develop into spermatocytes, which then transform into spermatozoa. |
| Polar Bodies | Polar Bodies is the cell that results from the asymmetric division of an oocyte. |
| Meiosis | Meiosis is A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms by which two consecutive nuclear divisions occur without the chromosomal replication in between, leading to the production of four haploid gametes (sex cells) |
| Variation | Variation is a difference or deviation (e.g. in structure, form, function) from the recognized norm or standard (genetics) Genetic differences within and among species or a population |
| Nondisjunction | Nondisjunction is The failure of sister chromatids to separate during and after mitosis. The failure of homologous chromosomes to segregate or to separate during and after meiosis |
| Genes | A gene is the fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity. |
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