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Science Vocabulary10

Science Words To Learn

TermDefinition
1. Gamete(s) A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
2. Haploid A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes.
3. Oogenesis The production or development of an ovum.
4. Ovum/ova A mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, which can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.
5. Sperm The male gamete or reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction.
6. Zygote A cell in diploid state following fertilization or union of haploid male sex cell (e.g. sperm) and haploid female sex cell (e.g. ovum).
7. Tetrad A group of four closely associated chromatids of a homologous pair formed by synapsis.
8. Synapsis- The pairing of homologous chromosomes during the meiotic phase of cell division
9.Fertilization A process in sexual reproduction that involves the union of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes (each with a single, haploid set of chromosomes) to produce a diploid zygote.
10. Disjunction The normal separation or moving apart of chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell during cell division.
11. Gametogenesis he development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis.
12. Homologous chromosome A pair of chromosomes having the same gene sequences, each derived from one parent.
13. Crossing over A process occurring during meiosis wherein homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material.
14.Gonads The sex organ producing gametes.
15. Spermatogenesis The process occurring in the male gonad of sexually reproducing organism wherein the undifferentiated male germ cells develop into spermatocytes, which then transform into spermatozoa.
16.Polar Bodies The cell that results from the asymmetric division of an oocyte.
17.Meiosis A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms by which two consecutive nuclear divisions.
18.Variation Genetic differences within and among species or a population.
19 .Nondisjunction (In mitosis) The failure of sister chromatids to separate during and after mitosis.(In meiosis) The failure of homologous chromosomes to segregate or to separate during and after meiosis.
20.Genes The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity.
Created by: 1011018