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Science Vocabulary10
Science Words To Learn
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1. Gamete(s) | A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
2. Haploid | A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. |
3. Oogenesis | The production or development of an ovum. |
4. Ovum/ova | A mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, which can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell. |
5. Sperm | The male gamete or reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction. |
6. Zygote | A cell in diploid state following fertilization or union of haploid male sex cell (e.g. sperm) and haploid female sex cell (e.g. ovum). |
7. Tetrad | A group of four closely associated chromatids of a homologous pair formed by synapsis. |
8. Synapsis- | The pairing of homologous chromosomes during the meiotic phase of cell division |
9.Fertilization | A process in sexual reproduction that involves the union of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes (each with a single, haploid set of chromosomes) to produce a diploid zygote. |
10. Disjunction | The normal separation or moving apart of chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell during cell division. |
11. Gametogenesis | he development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis. |
12. Homologous chromosome | A pair of chromosomes having the same gene sequences, each derived from one parent. |
13. Crossing over | A process occurring during meiosis wherein homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material. |
14.Gonads | The sex organ producing gametes. |
15. Spermatogenesis | The process occurring in the male gonad of sexually reproducing organism wherein the undifferentiated male germ cells develop into spermatocytes, which then transform into spermatozoa. |
16.Polar Bodies | The cell that results from the asymmetric division of an oocyte. |
17.Meiosis | A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms by which two consecutive nuclear divisions. |
18.Variation | Genetic differences within and among species or a population. |
19 .Nondisjunction | (In mitosis) The failure of sister chromatids to separate during and after mitosis.(In meiosis) The failure of homologous chromosomes to segregate or to separate during and after meiosis. |
20.Genes | The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity. |