Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
bio test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is necessary to normal growth, development, and repair of the body? | cell division |
| What is thee sequence of steps that a cell undergoes in order to divide? | the cell cycle |
| What are the stages of the cell cycle? | interphase, mitosis, and cytokenisis |
| Mitosis | the segregation and separation of duplicated chromosomes during cell division |
| Cytokinesis | physical division of a cell into two daughter cells |
| What phase does mitosis take place in? | several phases, each is important to properly segregate chromosomes |
| What ensures accurate progression through the cell cycle? | cell cycle checkpoints |
| What do cell cycle checkpoints do? | fix mistakes that occur such as DNA damage |
| What happens if there aren't proper checkpoints? | cells can get DNA damage during cell division and pass these defects to daughter cells |
| What can unregulated cell division cause? | cancer |
| What do cancer cells lose the ability to do? | regulate cell division, reproduce uncontrollably, and then sometimes form tumors |
| How does chemo work? | interfering with parts of the cell cycle |
| How does taxol work? | interfering with separation of sister chromatids by microtubules during mitosis |
| metastasis | spread of cancer form one location in body to another |
| tumor | mass of cells resulting from uncontrolled cell division |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death, cellular suicide |
| interphase | stage of cell cycle when cells spend time preparing for cell division |
| DNA is replicated when in the cell cycle? | S |
| DUring what stage of the cell cycle do sister chromatids seperate from each other? | anaphase |
| During what stage of the cell cycle are sister chromatids initially produced? | S phase |
| Which checkpoint prevents a normal cell from completing its cell cycle if it doesn't accurately replicate its DNA? | interphase (G2-M) |
| mutation | change in nucleotide sequence of DNA |
| germ-line mutation | mutation occuring in gametes, passed on to offspring |
| somatic mutation | mutation occurs in a body (nongamete) cell, not passed to offspring |
| functional protein | this protein regulates cell cycle |
| nonfunctional protein | has an altered shape making it dysfunctional and unable to regulate the cell cycle, cancer can result |
| mutagen | physical or chemical agents that cause mutations |
| carcinogen | any chemical agent that causes cancer by damaging DNA |
| proto-oncogene | gene that codes for a protein that helps cells divide normally |
| tumor suppressor gene | gene that codes for proteins that check cell cycle progression |
| oncogene | mutated and over active form of a proto-ocogene, drive cells to continually divide |
| benign tumor | noncancerous tumor that won't spread |
| malignant tumor | cancerous tumor that spreads through body |
| Are mutations that occur in somatic (body) cells inherited by offspring? | no |
| Are mutations that occur in germ (sperm or egg) cells inherited by offspring? | yes |
| BRCA mutations in women | mean they have a higher risk of developing cancer from an earlier age |
| diploid | having two copies of every chromosome |
| homologous chromosomes | pair of chromosomes both containing the same gene |
| phenotype | visible features of an individual |
| genotype | the particular genetic makeup of an individual |
| gametes | specialized reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome |
| haploid | having one copy of each chromosome |
| meiosis | specialized nuclear division that generates genetically unique haploid gametes |
| zygote | cell that is capable of developing into adult organism, formed when an egg is fertilized by a sperm |
| embryo | when a zygote undergoes cell division to form a multicellular structure |
| recombination | an event in meiosis when maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and physically exchange DNA segments |
| independent assortment | alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis |
| recessive allele | allele that reveals itself in the phenotype only if a masking dominant allele is not present |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles |
| carrier | someone who is heterozygous and can pass recessive genes without showing any of its effects |
| Are humans diploid or haploid? | diploid, we have two copies of nearly every gene in our body cells |
| What are different versions of the same gene called? | alleles |
| How do alleles occur? | they arise from mutations that change the nucleotide sequence of the gene |
| What is the genotype of a person with CF? | homozygous recessive |
| antibiotics | chemicals that either kill bacteria or slow their growth by interfering with the function of essential bacterial cell structures |
| binary fission | type of asexual reproduction in which one parental cell divides into two |
| evolution | change in allele frequencies in a population over time |
| fitness | relative ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in particular environment |
| natural selection | differential survival and reproduction of individuals in response to environmental pressure that leads tochange in allele frequencies in population |
| adaption | process where populations become better suited to environment |
| directional selection | type of natural selection where organisms on one end of spectrum are favored by environment |
| stabilizing selection | type of natural selection where organisms in middle of spectrum are favored by the environment |
| diversifying selection | type of natural selections where organisms at both ends of the spectrum are favored by the environment |
| How do bacterial populations, that reproduce asexually, acquire genetic variation? | by mutation and gene transfer |
| How do populations of sexually reproducing organisms acquire genetic variation? | by mutation and meiosis and fusion of gametes |
| Genetic variation in a population gives rise to what in a population? | corresponding phenotypic variation |
Created by:
1738400229818217
Popular Biology sets