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Lymph & Imm Pt 3
Lymphatic & Immune System Pt 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptive (Specific) Immunity | Responds to specific antigens with coordinated action of T cells & B cells |
| 2 types of adaptive defenses | 1. Cell-mediated Immunity 2. Antibody-mediated Immunity |
| Cell-Mediated Immunity T cells | defends against pathogens inside cell uses perforin & granzymes |
| Antibody-Mediated Immunity | B cells defends against pathogens in fluid. uses antibodies |
| innate imunity | present at birth no previous exposure to antigen |
| adaptive immunity | present after birth develops exposure to antigen |
| Active adaptive immunity | develops after exposure a. naturally acquired active ie: environmental exposure b. artificially induced active ie: vaccines containing pathogen |
| passive adaptive immunity | transferred from another source a. naturally passive ie: from the mother ; placenta b. artificially passive ie: by injection ; against rabies |
| 4 properties of adaptive (acquired) immunity | 1. Specificity 2. Versatility 3. Memory 4. Tolerance |
| Specificity | T & B cells responds to specific antigen and ignores all others |
| Versatility | Any antigen, any time active lymphocyte clones itself |
| Memory | Active - attacks invaders immediately Inactive - doesn't wake up until 2nd time exposed (faster & longer) |
| Tolerance | immune system ignores normal "self antigens" Developing T&B cells attack the self are destroyed when made |
| Lymphocytes for Specific Defense | T cells - cell mediated B cells(plasma) - antiBody-mediated |
| 4 Major types of T cells | Cytotoxic (killer) T cells (Tc) Memory T cells (Tm) Helper T cells (Th) Suppressor T cells (Ts) |
| Cytotoxic T cells (CD8) | destroy pathogens and release chemicals called cytokines |
| Memory T cells | Produced & activated if pathogen occurs again later |
| Helper T cells | Stimulates response of T cells and (especially) B cells |
| Suppressor T cells | Inhibits function of T & B cells and says when attack should end |
| antigen recognition | CD Markers-cluster of differentiation more than 70 types CD3 Receptor complex - found in "ALL" T cells |
| CD Markers | CD8 - Cytotoxic (killer) T cells Suppressor T cells responds to Class I MHC CD4 - Helper T cells responds to Class II MHC Both bind to CD3 receptor complex! |
| Antigen Presentation | bound to a glycoprotein in the plasma membrane of another cell and is 'presented' |
| MHC Complex | Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has narrow groove and binds an antigen for presentation to a T cell Ex: Class I - Cytotoxic T's Class II - Helper T's |
| Class I MHC proteins | found on virtually all nucleated body cells Can be destroyed by T cells |
| Class II MHC proteins | Found in membranes of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) Found in lymphocytes |
| Cytotoxic T cells - CD8 | >infected body cell displays antigen in Class I MHC so T cell will destroy it >when T cell responds, it is activated >Main reason for organ donation to be rejected by recipient |
| What does MHC stand for? | Major Histocompatibility Complex |
| What is APC? | antigen presenting cell |
| What phagocyte is an APC? | Macrophages (fixed & free) Kupffer cells (macs of liver) Microglia (macs of CNS) Dendritic cell (skin, nodes, & spleen) |
| What does Helper T cells do? | release cytokines to stimulate immune response |
| What happens when a Cytotoxic cell is activated? | 1. releases perforin 2. secretes poisonous lymphotoxin 3. causes cell to die from apoptosis |
| Perforin | destroys targeted cells by creating lesions like pores in their membranes. |
| lymphotoxin | A secretion of lymphocytes that kills the target cells. |
| Apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| What happens when Helper T cells are activated? | 1. produce cytokines 2. calls cytotoxic Ts & Macs 3. Activates B cells |
| What are cytokines? | Inflammatory response proteins that are secreted by active Helper T cells to call Macs and Cytotoxic T cells |
| What is a cytokine storm? | An over secretion of cytokines that triggers a dangerous syndrome |
| What are B cells? | antibody-mediated immunity cells that attack antigens by producing specific antiBodies |
| What do B cells do? | 1. Sensitization - antigen presenting 2.Activation-Needs Helper Ts for OK 3. Division - Plasma B & Memory B cells. Makes antibodies & memories |
| Sensitization | matches antigen to a B cell antibody |
| Activation | gets the OK from Helper Ts cytokines Safety mechanism - so B's don't accidentally get activated |
| Division | Plasma B cells - antibodies that match the same target Memory B cells - waits until 2nd exposure, then divides into plasma cells |
| What does Memory B cells do? | helps immune system to activate much faster if intruder invades again |
| What are the 5 classes of antibodies? | IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD (MADGE or GAMED) |
| What's another name for Antibodies? | Immunoglobulins |
| Antigen Binding Site | has 2 identical sites called variable region but has constant segments |
| What is an Antigen-Antibody complex? | an antibody bound to a specific antigen |
| What are epitopes? | antibody binding sites 2 or more are complete antigens |
| What is the first class of antibody secreted after an antigen encounter? | IgM |
| Most common class of antibodies? | IgG |
| Which antibody is responsible for agglutination reaction? | IgM |
| T/F - Are Blood Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies IgM antibodies? | True |
| Which antibody class makes up 80% of all antibodies? | IgG |
| Which antibody class makes up the Rh antibody? | IgG |
| T/F - Does IgG produce hemolytic disease of the newborn (fetalis erthroblastosis)? | True |
| Which antibody is responsible for the allergic response? | IgE - Histamine |
| Basophils & Mast Cells | attaches to the surface of IgE when antigen is bound |
| 4 ways antibodies work | 1. Formation of immune complex - agglutination 2. Labels - identifies antigens 3. Antitoxins - blocks toxins 4. Opsonization - enhances phagocytosis |
| Responses to antigen exposure | 1st exposure - produces primary response 2nd exposure - triggers secondary response Memory cells are already primed |
Created by:
hrmcgee
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