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AP Bio - Final Rev.
Block Final Review!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The sporophyte generation is dominant in ______. | Diploids, or vascular plants |
| ______ plants must live near a supply of water for reproduction. | Nonvascular |
| Soil is the primary place where plants obtain _____ and _____. | Water and Nutrients |
| Plant cells have a _____ made of cellulose. | Cell wall |
| Algae and all plants store food as _____. | Starch |
| Define Hydroponics | A method of growing plants without soil |
| The gametophyte of mosses produces the _____ | Haploid gametes that develop into the sporophyte |
| Angiosperms produce ______. | Ovaries and embryo sacs |
| Plants that live for only one year or less are called ______. | Annuals |
| The female part of the plant in moss is called _______. | Archegonium |
| The mesophyll layer of the leaf is where most _____ takes place. | Photosynthesis |
| The waxy layer on the leaf is called ______. | Cuticle |
| The two stages of the alteration of generations are ______ and ______. | Diploid and Haploid |
| Radishes and sweet potatoes are (roots/stems). | Roots |
| Why do nonvascular plants need to rely on water? | Water both sustains them, and acts as a medium for reproduction |
| Define root | Underground part of a seeded plant body |
| Define leaf | Organ functioning for photosynthesis and transpiration, attached to stem |
| Define stem | The main stalk of a plant |
| Define cuticle | The outermost layer of the skin on plants, waxy layer |
| Define vascular plant | Plant with tissues like phloem and xylem that are able to transport water and minerals |
| Define seed | Plant ovule containing an embryo |
| Ovule | Contains the embryo sac and is surrounded by the nucellus, that develops into a seed after fertilization |
| Cotyledon | Apart of the embryo within a seed; primary leaf. |
| Sorus | Cluster of sporangia borne on the underside of a fern frond |
| Cones | Specialized reproductive structures of the sporophyte |
| Frond | The leaf of a fern |
| Pollen grain | Microspore of seed plants containing male gametophyte |
| Embryo | Thin walled with dense cytoplasm protected by a seed coat |
| Gymnosperm | Woody, vascular plants without enclosed seeds |
| Prothallus | Small, flat gametophyte with reproductive organs like ferns |
| Rhizome | Underground stem that sends out roots and shoots from nodes |
| What are key differences between monocots and dicots? | Monocots have one cotyledon (vs. 2), the leaves are vein-like (vs. netlike), flowers are in multiples of threes (vs. fours or fives), and the stem have vascular bundles (instead of rings) |
| Where are the actively dividing meristems? | Where growth takes place, both in the root and shoot of a plant |
| How can you tell, from the lack of something on the outer trunk, that a plant has only primary and no secondary growth? | Bark |
| What is periderm | Bark |
| What’s the most abundant ground tissue? | Parenchyma |
| The trunk of a tree becomes thick and woody due to primary or secondary growth? | Secondary |
| What type of vascular tissue transports sugar? | Phloem |
| What happens with girdling a tree? | Tree dies due to the living layer being stripped |
| How does water pass from one tracheid tube to another in the xylem tissue? | The cell walls at both ends are lost when the cells die, transforming the sack of vessel elements into a continued tube through which water can move |
| What helps to increase the surface areas of roots? | Root hairs |
| What forms over the tips of roots to protect them? | Root caps |
| What are the steps in which water and minerals enter the root hairs on their way to the xylem? | Epidermis, Vascular Cylinder: cortex, endodermis, pericycle, phloem, xylem |
| What is heartwood? | The older, nonliving central wood of a tree |
| In what order do the tissues form inside of the stem? | In secondary growth: Bark: Epidermis, Cork, Cortex, Phloem, Xylem, Pith |
| What is the purpose of the stomata? | Enable carbon dioxide to enter the leaf rapidly and allow oxygen and water vapor to exit |
| A sweet potato is a _____, while a white potato is a ________. | Root, stem |
| An iris bulb flower is a ________, also called a _______. | Underground Stem, Rhizome |
| Nutrients inside of a seed are _________. | Starches |
| What type of relationship do mycorrhiza have with plant roots? | Symbiotic |
| What happens to plants if this relation is lost? | Less nitrogen to go around, possible withering of plant |
| Moving minerals and water into roots requires energy called ________. | Osmosis |
| What is the function of plasmodesmata? | Allows something, like energy or nutrients, to go from one cell to another |
| Why do some plants need nitrogen from the air to convert into another form? | The plants simply can’t use that form of nitrogen. Nitrates make it usable |
| What are the nodules on legume plants called? | Swellings on roots that fix nitrogen for plants |
| What does the cohesion tension theory explain? | How water is pulled upward by a negative pressure called tension |
| Define transpiration | Plants loss of water through stomates on leaves |
| Can water flow up and down xylem tubes? | No, only up |
| Opening and closing of the stomata helps to regulate ________ and ________. | Water, carbon dioxide |
| What conditions cause plants to lose more water through their leaves? | Temperature may be too high, water exits via transpiration |
| What theory is accepted for the movement of sugars in plants? | Guttation |
| In moving sugar, the roots become the _______ and the leaves are the _________. | Sink, source |
| Define xylem | Compound tissue in vascular plants that helps provide support and conducts water & nutrients upward |
| Define phloem | Part of vascular bundle consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma, and fibers forming the food-conducting tissue of a plant |
| What types of cells are xylem and phloem made of? | Both are constructed from parenchyma |
| What percentage of the atmosphere contains nitrogen? | 78% |
| Define dermal and vascular tissue | 2 out of 3 systems found in a vascular plant. The dermal tissue creates the outer covering of a plant body while ground tissues creates the internals |
| Describe parenchyma | Primary tissue of higher plants; composed of thin-walled cells. |
| Describe collenchyma | Tissue with thickened walls capable of stretching and fit close together; found in young stems and petioles |
| Describe sclerenchyma | A strengthening tissue with heavily lignified walls |
Created by:
CommanderJonno
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