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Waste Manage Q1
Modules 1 to 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is waste | Anything useless or unwanted |
| What is municipal solid waste | Nonhazardous wastes from municipalities requiring collection, transport, and disposal |
| Examples of residential wastes | Paper, food wastes, plastics |
| Examples of construction wastes | Lumber, metal, glass |
| Trash vs rubbish vs garbage | Trash is bulky and not collected routinely. Rubbish is smaller parts that can be collected. Garbage is food waste. |
| What does NIMBY mean | Not in my backyard |
| When we're incinerators popular | 1900s |
| What makes a sanitary landfill? | Waste is covered by a material to protect environment/people |
| Name an epic failure of a waste disposal attempt | Love canal |
| 6 elements of a waste management system | Generation knowledge, at source handling, collection, transport, processing, disposal |
| What does 40/52 refer to? | A facility or transfer station has to be within 40km or 52 minutes |
| What is the hierarchy of the 4 Rs (from most effective to least) | Reduction- prevents plus is cheap Reuse- prevents Recycle- doesn't actually prevent Recover- not prevention |
| Issues with waste management | Qualified workers, regulations, money, hazards, data interpretation |
| What does SIC mean | Standard industrial classification |
| What is a dumpster dive | A sampling technique where there is a pile of trash that is divided into quarters until 90kg is achieved. This is sorted and weighed. |
| Which SIC numyers are the worst | 3 and 6 |
| Why is specific weight important | Determines landfill size needed, vehicle size needed |
| What is the compaction ratio | CR=Vf-Vi |
| What is the volume reduction | VR= 100 (1-CR) |
| Why is moisture content important | Impacts specific weight and is used to estimate leachate generation |
| What is proximate analysis | Involves moisture loss, organic and inorganic carbon contents, and ash content. |
| Why is proximate analysis important | Helps to determine if incineration of that material will produce energy |
| What is ultimate analysis | Involves determining major elements (CHONS), moisture content, ash content, and optional things |
| What is clinker and what material can form it | Clinker is in cement and is formed from ash |
| Why is ultimate analysis important | Tells you if the waste can be biodegraded, energy content, if sulfur dioxide will be an issue for incineration, moisture affects combustibility, |
| Methods of determining how much auxillary fuel needed for incineration | Math (ew) Bomb calorimeter |
| Biological properties/things to consider | Crude fiber content, synthetic organic content, biodegradation rate, odor generation, biodegradability. |
| How does crude fiber content impact waste management? | Higher fiber content reduces biodegradation |
| Examples of crude fiber | cellulose, lignin, cotton, leather, wool |
| How do you calculate particle size | (length + width)/2 |
| Why is particle size important | Impacts selection of waste handling equipment |
| Why is it important to know field capacity? | Impacts leachate generation |
| As field capacity increases, the amount of moisture that can be held increases.... therefore does leachate generation go up, or down? | Down |
| Why might you want to know hydraulic conductivity? | Influences vertical and horizontal movement of gases and leachate |
| Are odors likely to come from anaerobic or aerobic decomposition? | Anaerobic |
| What percentage of municipal dry waste is non combustible? | 12-20 |
| Methods of physical transformation | Component separation, volume reduction, size reduction |
| Differentiate between volume and size reduction | Volume reduction is compacting it to increase density. Size reduction is making the item smaller, which may actually increase volume (ex paper) |
| Combustion vs pyrolysis vs gasification | combustion is a reaction with EXCESS oxygen Pyrolysis is thermal cracking with NO oxygen Gasification is PARTIAL combustion |
| How can biofuel be formed | the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose, fermented to ethyl alcohol or biofuel |
| The higher the lignin content the _______ the biodegradation factor | lower |
| Why are transformations important? | improved efficiency/segregation, materials recovery, and energy recovery |
Created by:
swilson67
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