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Intro to Geophysics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A compilation of geophysical measurements taken at or near the Earth’s surface that are influenced by the internal distribution of physical properties. | What is a survey |
| These are generated at a source and propagate through the subsurface | What are seismic waves? |
| Travel times of waves refracted or reflected at geological boundaries are recorded by this instrument on the land surface. | What is a geophone? |
| Travel times can be converted to this and mapped, to provide a picture of the subsurface | What is depth? |
| Seismic waves are parcels of this type of energy | What is elastic strain? |
| These waves propagate along a boundary and have a retrograde elliptical particle motion | Rayleigh Waves |
| This is the product of rock density and its wave velocity | Acoustic Impedance |
| This is the ratio of amplitude of the reflected ray to the amplitude of the incident ray. | Reflection Coefficient |
| These define three orthogonal planes on which the stresses are normal | principle axes |
| This law relates stress to strain in the elastic field | Hooke’s Law |
| This is the elastic modulus that defines the relationship between stress and strain for P-waves | Axial modulus |
| This is the ratio of longitudinal strain to lateral strain. | Poisson's Ratio |
| This is the decrease of wave amplitude with propagation | Attenuation |
| This occurs when the angle of incidence of a seismic wave is greater than the critical angle | What is total internal internal reflection |
| This type of wave travels along the interface between layers of low and high velocity and eventually reaches the surface | What is the Refracted wave |
| This method is used to extract a specific signal from an output seismic trace | What is cross-correlation |
| These are pneumatic sources charged with very high-pressure compressed air | Air guns |
| These devices convert ground motion to an electrical signal | Transducers |
| Geometrical spreading and absorption are types of this phenomena | attenuation |
| These waves produce a signal termed “ground roll” on seismograms | What are Rayleigh Waves |
| This law describes the relationship between the angle of incidence and the velocities between the layers | What is Snell’s Law |
| This is the uniform velocity in a homogenous geologic unit, or an average velocity over a depth interval of thickness | Interval Velocity |
| This is the the difference between the travel times t2 and t2 of reflected-ray arrivals recorded at two offset distances x1 and x2 | Moveout |
| These are rays that return to the surface after reflection from more than one interface. | Multiples |
| This represents the combined response of the layered ground and the recording system to a seismic pulse | What is the seismic trace |
| This is a collection of seismic traces relating to the seismic response at one surface mid-point | common midpoint gather (CMP) |
| This is the process of averaging out the noise and increasing the signal. | What is stacking? |
Created by:
jmoreno55
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