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Chapter 10
Bio Ch 10 Sexual Reproduction/ Basic Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | Alternative form that a single gene may have for particular trait |
| Crossing Over | Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis |
| Diploid | Having two copies of each chromosome |
| Dominant | Mendel's name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation |
| Fertilization | Haploid gametes combine forming a diploid cell (1/2 chromosomes from female parent; other 1/2 from male parent) |
| Gamete | Sex cell formed during meiosis |
| Gene | Inherited traits passed from one generation to another |
| Genetic Recombination | A new combination of genes made by crossing over and independent assortment |
| Genetics | Science of heredity |
| Genotype | An organisms allele pairs |
| Haploid | Cell with HALF the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell. |
| Heterozygous | Organism with two different alleles for a specific trait. (Bb) |
| Homologous Chromosome | One of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location |
| Homozygous | Organisms with two of the same alleles for a specific trait |
| Hybrid | Organism heterozygous for a specific trait |
| Law of Independent Assortment | Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes |
| Law of Segregation | Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis |
| Meiosis | A division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid cell produces four haploid cells that are not genetically identical. |
| Phenotype | Observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of an allele pair. |
| Polyploidy | Having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes, which, in polyploid plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival. |
| Recessive | Mendel's name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation. |
Created by:
AKovach