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HA Chapter 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Angina Pectoris | Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply |
| Aortic Regurgitation | (Aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole |
| Aortic Stenosis | Calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole |
| Aortic Valve | Left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta |
| Apex of the heart | Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space |
| Apical Impulse | Point of maximal impulse (PMI); pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line |
| Base of the Heart | Broader area of the heart's outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal spaces |
| Bell | cup-shaped end piece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds |
| Bradycardia | Slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minute in the adult |
| Clubbing | Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions |
| Coarctation of Aorta | Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect |
| Cor pulmonale | Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension |
| Cyanosis | Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
| Diaphragm | Flat end piece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds |
| Diastole | Heart's filling phase |
| Dyspnea | Difficult, labored breathing |
| Edema | Swelling of the legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid |
| Erb's Point | Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space |
| First Heart Sound | Occurs with closure of the atrioventricular valves signaling the beginning of systole |
| Fourth Heart Sound | S4 gallop, atrial gallop, very soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs late in diastole |
| Gallop rhythm | The addition of a 3rd or a 4th heart sound, makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse |
| Inching | technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | increase thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction |
| Midclavicular Line | imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax |
| Mitral regurgitation | Mitral insufficiency, incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole |
| Mitral Stenosis | Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole |
| Mitral Valve | left atrioventricular valve separating the left atrium and ventricle |
| Palpitation | uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart race |
| Paradoxical Splitting | Opposite of a normal split, S2 so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound |
| Pericardial friction rub | high-pitched, scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed |
| Physiologic splitting | Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration |
| Precordium | Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels |
| Pulmonic regurgitation | pulmonic insufficiency, backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle |
| Pulmonic Stenosis | Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole |
| Pulmonic Valve | Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| Second Heart Sound | Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic, signals the end of systole |
| Summation Gallop | Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present |
| Syncope | temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow, caused by ventricular asystole, pronounces bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation |
| Tachycardia | Rapid heart rate, greater than 95 beats per minute in the adult |
| Systole | The heart's pumping phase |
| Third heart sound | soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole and may be an early sign of heart failure |
| Thrill | Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur |
| Tricuspid Valve | Right atrioventricular valve separating the right atrium and ventricle |
Created by:
aleahgoodson
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