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histology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 4 basic types of tissues | Epithelial , connective, muscle, and nervous |
| Epithelial tissue structure | Avascular Closely packed with no intercellular material Always has free surface outside or internal space Anchored to connective tissue by basement membrane (non-living) |
| Epithelial tissue function | Covers all free body surfaces and organs Inner lining of body cavities Lines hollow organs Forms skin and glands |
| Simple Squamous | Single layer Flat, scale-like cells Diffusion, osmosis, and filtration Lines the heart vessels - endothelium Lines body cavities - mesothelium |
| Simple Cuboidal | Single layer Cube shaped cells Secretion and absorption Covers ovaries, lines ducts of glands, and tubules of kidneys Lumen |
| Simple Columnar | Single layer, elongated cells Secretion and absorption Nucleus near b.m. Lined gallbladder and digestive system Goblet cells Microvilli |
| Pseudo stratified Columnar (Ciliated) | Appears stratified but it is not Nuclei depth varies Secretion and movement Attached to base membrane but may not reach free surface Goblet cells Cilia: hair-like structures Upper respiratory and reproductive system |
| Stratified Squamous | Several layers Surface is older and flat Deep younger and cube or elongated Functions for protection in areas that have wear and tear Keratinized SS contains keratin for waterproofing - Skin Nonkeratinized SS lines wet surfaces, mouth, esophagus |
| Nerve Tissue | Found in Brain, spinal cord, and nerves Neurons: nerve cells 3 parts of the neuron Cell body: nucleus Axon: impulse away Dendrite: impulse toward Neuroglial cells: nourish and support neurons Functions - nerve impulse transmission |
| Tissues 2 | Connective tissues Characteristics: bind, support and protect, store fat, produce blood cells, with an intercellular matrix, vascular (usually) |
| Adipose | Adipocyte Stores fat Nucleus is pushed against cell membrane Serves as heat insulator and energy reserve Located beneath the skin, behind the eye, surrounding organs |
| Loose Connective (Areolar) | Forms fragile membranes in body Binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between the muscles Collagenous (White Fibers) Elastic (Yellow Fibers) Fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, macrophage cells |
| Bone (Osseous) | Most rigid Protects, supports, muscle attachment, blood cell formation, stores minerals Osteocytes in lacunae Lamella matrix of Ca, P, and protein Haversian Canal Canaliculi |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Chondrocytes in lacunae Perichondrium: fibrous connective tissue that covers and nourishes Ends of bones, nose, walls of respiratory passages |
| Muscles | Characteristics Tissues is made of elongated cells called fibers Plasma membrane =sarcolemma Cytoplasm = sarcoplasm Excitability = receive and respond to stimuli Contractility: shorten Extensibility: stretch Elasticity: return to original shape |
| skeletal | Attached to bone Voluntary: controlled by conscious effort Function: Voluntary mov’t of the skeleton Striations: bands of color Multinucleated |
| smooth | Found in walls of hollow organs Involuntary No striations Single nucleus Function: Peristalsis: mov’t of food through the body |
| Cardiac | Found only in heart Cardiac cells are joined by intercalated discs: gives strength & endurance Involuntary Striations Single nucleus |
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