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The tissue level
Chapter 4 Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Histology | The study of Tissues |
| What are the 4 Primary types of tissue | Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscle |
| What are the characteristics of the Epithelial tissue | Cellularity, Avascularity, Regeneration, and Polarity |
| What is Cellularity | Cells close together, little intercellular material between them. Less space = more cellularity |
| What is Avascularity | No blood vessels |
| What is Regeneration | Replicates at high speed |
| What is Polarity | Exposed surface, and Attached surface |
| What is another name for the Exposed surface of Polarity | Apical Surface |
| What is another name for the Attached surface of Polarity | Basal Surface |
| What is the purpose of Epithelial | Protective |
| Where do you find Epithelial | Skin, Organs, Body Cavities, and Blood Vessels |
| Where do you find Connective Tissue | Ligaments, Tendons, blood |
| Where do you find Nervous Tissue | (Impulses) Brain, Spinal Cord |
| Where do you find Muscle tissue | (Contracts) Everywhere, organs |
| ___________ provides physical protection | Epithelial |
| ___________ Controls Permeability | Epithelial |
| ___________ Provides Sensation | Epithelial |
| ___________ Produces Specialized secretions | Epithelial |
| Exocrine Secretions | discharge into surrounding surface (Milk, Sweat) |
| Endocrine Secretion | Released into surrounding fluid, Thyroid(Metabolic weight), Pancreas(Insulin), and Pituitary (Growth Hormone) |
| How do you classify epithelial tissue | The cell layers, and cell shape |
| What are the two types of cell layers | Simple, and Stratified |
| What are the three cell shapes | Squamous, Cubodial, and colomnar |
| _____ is egg shaped with nucleous in middle | Squamous |
| _____ is box shaped | Cubodial |
| _____ is in colums with nucleous at bottom | colomnar |
| which epitelial covers the basment membrane of the cell in many layers | stratified epithelial |
| single layer cell membrane basement | simple epithelial |
| found in mechanical or chemical stress areas | stratified epithelium |
| protect areas of body like, heart, blood | simple epithelial |
| found in secretion areas | simple epithelial |
| lining of the intestine | simple epithelial |
| lining of the mouth and surface of skin | stratified epithelial |
| exocrine means | secretions discharged into the surface |
| where do you find exocrine | duct gland, sweat, saliva, tears |
| what are the three modes of secretion | merocrine, apocrine, holocrine |
| merocrine exocrine is | relased thoughout exocytosis (mucus) |
| apocrine exocrine is | loss of cytoplasm as well as secretory products |
| holocrine exocrine is | destroy gland cell (oil) |
| Endocrine is | relased secretions into surrounding interstitual fluid |
| where do you find endocrine | lymph & blood, helps secretes, hormones (intercellular fluid) |
| what are the three types of glands | serous, mucous, mixed exocrine |
| a serous gland is | watery solution contains enzymes, salvary glands |
| a mucous gland is | secretes mucins, lubricating, small intestines |
| a mixed exocrine gland is | two or more gland cells, secretes serous & mucus |
| intercellular substance | matrix |
| most volume of connective tissue | matrix |
| what is in connective tissue | blood, bone, fat |
| what does connecitive tissue do | specilize cells that make up blood, bones and fat |
| what protein does connective tissue have | extracellular protein, the proteins outside of the cell |
| which protects organs | connective |
| which establishes structural framework for body | Bone, connective |
| which transports fluid and dissolved materials | blood, connective |
| which protects organs | fat & bone, connective |
| which support surrounds & interconnects other tissue types | bone, fat, and blood, connective |
| which stores energy | fat lipids, connective |
| which defends body | blood, white, connective |
| *types of connective tissue proper | Loose connective tissue, Adipose, and Dense connective tissue |
| #Loose connective tissue | Areolar tissue, Packing material of body |
| Adipose | Fat tissue, provides padding&cushing |
| 18% in males | adipose ( connective tissue proper ) |
| 28% in woman | adipose ( connective tissue proper ) |
| Dense connective tissue | Tendons, Ligaments |
| Tendons | bone to bone (Dense connective tissue/connective tissue proper) |
| Ligaments | Bone to muscle (Dense connective tissue/connective tissue proper) |
| #Fluid connective tissue | Blood & lymph |
| In fluid connective tissue, what do paltlets | clutaling |
| lymph | fluid connective tissue, lymphatics |
| lymphatics | small passageway passes through ducts |
| how many lymphoctes are there | 99% white blood cells and fights disease |
| *Supporting connective tissue | Cartilage, & bone |
| Types of Cartilage | Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage |
| Hyaline | (cartliage, connective tissue) Most common, Ribs/sternum |
| Elastic | (cartilage, connective tissue) Outer ear, Highly flexible |
| Fibrocartilage | (cartilage, connective tissue) Joints of knee, flexible, looks like a sponge, spinal vertebre |
| Osseous tissue | Bone |
| Ossification | process of bone formation |
| Types of bone cells | Osteoclasts, Osteoblast |
| Osteoclast | reabsorb bone |
| osteoblast | form bone |
| Perlosteum | sheath of bone aids in attachment of bone to tissue |
| sarco means | muscle |
| sacroplasm | cytoplasm, muscle |
| sarcolemma | cell membrane, muscle |
| specalized for contraction | muscle tissue |
| three types of muscle tissue | skeletol muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissue |
| skeletal muscle | large muscle cell, striated voluntary muscle ( contractions ) |
| Cardiac muscle | only in heart, striated involuntary muscle |
| smooth muscle tissue | found in walls of blood vessels, around hollow organs (bladder), nonstriated involuntary muscle |
| Neural tissue | conduction of electrical impluses |
| 98% | neural tissue in brain and spinal cord |
| two types of nerve tissue | neuron, and Neuroglia |
| Neuron | basic unit |
| Neurogilia | Supporting cells |
| 3 groups of neurons | Sensory, Motor, and Associated |
| Sensory neurons | Recieves impulses from sense organs, ex: hand on a hot stove |
| Motor | carry impluses to muscle ex: signal to move hand away |
| Associated | Relay impulses from sensory to motor ex: act of moving hand away from stove |
| How is tissue injury restored | homeostasis |
| Homeostasis in tissue | Inflimation & regeneration |
| Inflimation | isolates injured area while injured cells clean up |
| regeneration | repair process that restores normal function |
| Aging | repair & maintince is less effective, chemical composistion is altered |
| Four primary tissue types found in human body are | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Neural |
| Two types of layering recognized in epithelial tissue are | Simple & Stratified |
| The two types of cells that form gladular epithelium that secrete enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands are: | simple cubodial epithelium |
| the types of epithelial tissue found only along the ducts that drain sweat glands is | stratified cubodial epithelium |
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fffirecracker37
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