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The tissue level
Chapter 4 Anatomy
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is Histology | The study of Tissues |
What are the 4 Primary types of tissue | Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscle |
What are the characteristics of the Epithelial tissue | Cellularity, Avascularity, Regeneration, and Polarity |
What is Cellularity | Cells close together, little intercellular material between them. Less space = more cellularity |
What is Avascularity | No blood vessels |
What is Regeneration | Replicates at high speed |
What is Polarity | Exposed surface, and Attached surface |
What is another name for the Exposed surface of Polarity | Apical Surface |
What is another name for the Attached surface of Polarity | Basal Surface |
What is the purpose of Epithelial | Protective |
Where do you find Epithelial | Skin, Organs, Body Cavities, and Blood Vessels |
Where do you find Connective Tissue | Ligaments, Tendons, blood |
Where do you find Nervous Tissue | (Impulses) Brain, Spinal Cord |
Where do you find Muscle tissue | (Contracts) Everywhere, organs |
___________ provides physical protection | Epithelial |
___________ Controls Permeability | Epithelial |
___________ Provides Sensation | Epithelial |
___________ Produces Specialized secretions | Epithelial |
Exocrine Secretions | discharge into surrounding surface (Milk, Sweat) |
Endocrine Secretion | Released into surrounding fluid, Thyroid(Metabolic weight), Pancreas(Insulin), and Pituitary (Growth Hormone) |
How do you classify epithelial tissue | The cell layers, and cell shape |
What are the two types of cell layers | Simple, and Stratified |
What are the three cell shapes | Squamous, Cubodial, and colomnar |
_____ is egg shaped with nucleous in middle | Squamous |
_____ is box shaped | Cubodial |
_____ is in colums with nucleous at bottom | colomnar |
which epitelial covers the basment membrane of the cell in many layers | stratified epithelial |
single layer cell membrane basement | simple epithelial |
found in mechanical or chemical stress areas | stratified epithelium |
protect areas of body like, heart, blood | simple epithelial |
found in secretion areas | simple epithelial |
lining of the intestine | simple epithelial |
lining of the mouth and surface of skin | stratified epithelial |
exocrine means | secretions discharged into the surface |
where do you find exocrine | duct gland, sweat, saliva, tears |
what are the three modes of secretion | merocrine, apocrine, holocrine |
merocrine exocrine is | relased thoughout exocytosis (mucus) |
apocrine exocrine is | loss of cytoplasm as well as secretory products |
holocrine exocrine is | destroy gland cell (oil) |
Endocrine is | relased secretions into surrounding interstitual fluid |
where do you find endocrine | lymph & blood, helps secretes, hormones (intercellular fluid) |
what are the three types of glands | serous, mucous, mixed exocrine |
a serous gland is | watery solution contains enzymes, salvary glands |
a mucous gland is | secretes mucins, lubricating, small intestines |
a mixed exocrine gland is | two or more gland cells, secretes serous & mucus |
intercellular substance | matrix |
most volume of connective tissue | matrix |
what is in connective tissue | blood, bone, fat |
what does connecitive tissue do | specilize cells that make up blood, bones and fat |
what protein does connective tissue have | extracellular protein, the proteins outside of the cell |
which protects organs | connective |
which establishes structural framework for body | Bone, connective |
which transports fluid and dissolved materials | blood, connective |
which protects organs | fat & bone, connective |
which support surrounds & interconnects other tissue types | bone, fat, and blood, connective |
which stores energy | fat lipids, connective |
which defends body | blood, white, connective |
*types of connective tissue proper | Loose connective tissue, Adipose, and Dense connective tissue |
#Loose connective tissue | Areolar tissue, Packing material of body |
Adipose | Fat tissue, provides padding&cushing |
18% in males | adipose ( connective tissue proper ) |
28% in woman | adipose ( connective tissue proper ) |
Dense connective tissue | Tendons, Ligaments |
Tendons | bone to bone (Dense connective tissue/connective tissue proper) |
Ligaments | Bone to muscle (Dense connective tissue/connective tissue proper) |
#Fluid connective tissue | Blood & lymph |
In fluid connective tissue, what do paltlets | clutaling |
lymph | fluid connective tissue, lymphatics |
lymphatics | small passageway passes through ducts |
how many lymphoctes are there | 99% white blood cells and fights disease |
*Supporting connective tissue | Cartilage, & bone |
Types of Cartilage | Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage |
Hyaline | (cartliage, connective tissue) Most common, Ribs/sternum |
Elastic | (cartilage, connective tissue) Outer ear, Highly flexible |
Fibrocartilage | (cartilage, connective tissue) Joints of knee, flexible, looks like a sponge, spinal vertebre |
Osseous tissue | Bone |
Ossification | process of bone formation |
Types of bone cells | Osteoclasts, Osteoblast |
Osteoclast | reabsorb bone |
osteoblast | form bone |
Perlosteum | sheath of bone aids in attachment of bone to tissue |
sarco means | muscle |
sacroplasm | cytoplasm, muscle |
sarcolemma | cell membrane, muscle |
specalized for contraction | muscle tissue |
three types of muscle tissue | skeletol muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissue |
skeletal muscle | large muscle cell, striated voluntary muscle ( contractions ) |
Cardiac muscle | only in heart, striated involuntary muscle |
smooth muscle tissue | found in walls of blood vessels, around hollow organs (bladder), nonstriated involuntary muscle |
Neural tissue | conduction of electrical impluses |
98% | neural tissue in brain and spinal cord |
two types of nerve tissue | neuron, and Neuroglia |
Neuron | basic unit |
Neurogilia | Supporting cells |
3 groups of neurons | Sensory, Motor, and Associated |
Sensory neurons | Recieves impulses from sense organs, ex: hand on a hot stove |
Motor | carry impluses to muscle ex: signal to move hand away |
Associated | Relay impulses from sensory to motor ex: act of moving hand away from stove |
How is tissue injury restored | homeostasis |
Homeostasis in tissue | Inflimation & regeneration |
Inflimation | isolates injured area while injured cells clean up |
regeneration | repair process that restores normal function |
Aging | repair & maintince is less effective, chemical composistion is altered |
Four primary tissue types found in human body are | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Neural |
Two types of layering recognized in epithelial tissue are | Simple & Stratified |
The two types of cells that form gladular epithelium that secrete enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands are: | simple cubodial epithelium |
the types of epithelial tissue found only along the ducts that drain sweat glands is | stratified cubodial epithelium |