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Plant Diversity I
Chapter 29
Question | Answer |
---|---|
homosporous | they have one type of sporophyll bearing one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore, which typically develops into bisexual gametophyte. |
heterosporous | two types of sporophylls:megasporophylls and microsporophylls |
megaspores | spores that develop into female gametophytes |
microspores | smaller spores that develop into male gametophytes |
strobili | groups of sporophylls form cone-like structures |
sori | clusters of sporangia |
sporophylls | modified leaves that bear sporangia |
megaphylls | leaves with a highly branched vascular system |
microphylls | small, often spine shaped leaves supported by a single strand of vascular tissue |
leaves | structures that serve as the primary photosynthetic organ of vascular plants |
roots | organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil |
phloem | tissue that has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products |
lignin | water-conducting cells in vascular plants are lignified (cell walls are strengthened) |
tracheids | tube shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from the roots |
Xylem | conducts most of the water and minerals |
peat | material |
peristone | the upper part of the capsule features a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures |
capsule | produces spores by meiosis |
seta | stalk |
foot | absorbs nutrients from the gametophyte |
rhizoids | long,tubular single cells or filaments of cells |
gametophore | apical meristem that generates a gamete producing structure |
protonema | germinating moss spores produce a mass green, branched, one-cell thick filaments |
angiosperms | huge clade consisting of all flowering plants |
gymnosperms | seeds are not enclosed in chambers |
seed | embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat |
seedless vascular plants | clades lack seeds |
monilophytes | ferns and their relatives |
lycophytes | club mosses and their relatives |
bryophytes | nonvascular plants |
vascular plants | most present-day plants have a complex vascular tissue system |
vascular tissue | cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body |
stomata | specialized pores |
cuticle | consists of wax and other polymers |
apical meristems | regions at growing tips of the plant body where one or more cells divide repeatedly |
antheridia | male gametangia |
archegonia | female gametangia |
gametangia | another feature distinguishing early plants from their algal ancestors was the production of gametes within multi-cellular organs |
sporocytes | diploid cells |
sporangia | sporophyte has multicellular organs |
embryophytes | multicellular, dependent embryo of plants is such a significant derived trait |
spores | reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism without fusing with another cell |
sporophyte | multicellular diploid |
gametophyte | production by mitosis of haploid gametes-eggs and sperm that fuse during fertilization, forming diploid zygotes |
alternation of generations | each generation gives rise to the other |
sporopollenin | a durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out |
What traits do the charophytes share with plants? | -rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins -structure of flagellated sperm -formation of phragmoplast |
charophyte environment | -inhabit shallow waters around the edges of ponds and lakes, where they are subject to occasional drying |
Three Possible plant kingdoms | -viridiplantae -streptophyta -plantae |
What do charophyte algae lack? | -alternation of generations -multicellular, dependent embryos -walled spores produced in sporangia -multicellular gametangia -apical meristems |
two generations of distinct multicellular organisms | gametophytes and sporophytes |
Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true? | Plants have waxy , waterproof cuticle, and algae do not |
Which of the following homologies is/are shared by land plants and their closest living algal relatives? |