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Plant Diversity I
Chapter 29
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| homosporous | they have one type of sporophyll bearing one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore, which typically develops into bisexual gametophyte. |
| heterosporous | two types of sporophylls:megasporophylls and microsporophylls |
| megaspores | spores that develop into female gametophytes |
| microspores | smaller spores that develop into male gametophytes |
| strobili | groups of sporophylls form cone-like structures |
| sori | clusters of sporangia |
| sporophylls | modified leaves that bear sporangia |
| megaphylls | leaves with a highly branched vascular system |
| microphylls | small, often spine shaped leaves supported by a single strand of vascular tissue |
| leaves | structures that serve as the primary photosynthetic organ of vascular plants |
| roots | organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil |
| phloem | tissue that has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products |
| lignin | water-conducting cells in vascular plants are lignified (cell walls are strengthened) |
| tracheids | tube shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from the roots |
| Xylem | conducts most of the water and minerals |
| peat | material |
| peristone | the upper part of the capsule features a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures |
| capsule | produces spores by meiosis |
| seta | stalk |
| foot | absorbs nutrients from the gametophyte |
| rhizoids | long,tubular single cells or filaments of cells |
| gametophore | apical meristem that generates a gamete producing structure |
| protonema | germinating moss spores produce a mass green, branched, one-cell thick filaments |
| angiosperms | huge clade consisting of all flowering plants |
| gymnosperms | seeds are not enclosed in chambers |
| seed | embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat |
| seedless vascular plants | clades lack seeds |
| monilophytes | ferns and their relatives |
| lycophytes | club mosses and their relatives |
| bryophytes | nonvascular plants |
| vascular plants | most present-day plants have a complex vascular tissue system |
| vascular tissue | cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body |
| stomata | specialized pores |
| cuticle | consists of wax and other polymers |
| apical meristems | regions at growing tips of the plant body where one or more cells divide repeatedly |
| antheridia | male gametangia |
| archegonia | female gametangia |
| gametangia | another feature distinguishing early plants from their algal ancestors was the production of gametes within multi-cellular organs |
| sporocytes | diploid cells |
| sporangia | sporophyte has multicellular organs |
| embryophytes | multicellular, dependent embryo of plants is such a significant derived trait |
| spores | reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism without fusing with another cell |
| sporophyte | multicellular diploid |
| gametophyte | production by mitosis of haploid gametes-eggs and sperm that fuse during fertilization, forming diploid zygotes |
| alternation of generations | each generation gives rise to the other |
| sporopollenin | a durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out |
| What traits do the charophytes share with plants? | -rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins -structure of flagellated sperm -formation of phragmoplast |
| charophyte environment | -inhabit shallow waters around the edges of ponds and lakes, where they are subject to occasional drying |
| Three Possible plant kingdoms | -viridiplantae -streptophyta -plantae |
| What do charophyte algae lack? | -alternation of generations -multicellular, dependent embryos -walled spores produced in sporangia -multicellular gametangia -apical meristems |
| two generations of distinct multicellular organisms | gametophytes and sporophytes |
| Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true? | Plants have waxy , waterproof cuticle, and algae do not |
| Which of the following homologies is/are shared by land plants and their closest living algal relatives? |
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