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Biology Unit 2
Unit 2 Study Guide over Chapters 5-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability of a system to perform work. | Energy |
| What does energy allow to happen? | The universe to exist. |
| What is the 1st form of energy? | Potential |
| What is the 2nd form of energy? | Kinetic |
| Potential energy is _______ and ___________. | Solar/Chemical |
| Kinetic energy is ___________. | Mechanical |
| Energy can't be created or destroyed but it can change from one form to another. | 1st law of conservation of energy |
| Is energy recycled? (True or False) | True |
| Energy can't be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy (heat). | 2nd law of conservation of energy |
| Friction is not the reason why heat is generated? True or False | False |
| In 2nd law of conservation of energy, food = ____________? | Chemical |
| In 2nd law of conservation of energy, energy = ____________? | Mechanical |
| 3rd law of conservation of energy is? | Entropy |
| Entropy means? | disorganization |
| Energy in Entropy always goes down? True or false | False |
| Any heat that is lost during energy conversion is Entropy? True or false | True |
| The only way to maintain or bring order is to add energy to a system? True or false | True |
| Explain how energy flows from the sun through an ecosystem. | The sun shines down on plants or algae (photosynthesis) and converts it to sugar and oxygen (cellular respiration) and animals eat plants, organisms die and decompose. |
| Is the energy flow from the sun through a ecosystem 100% efficient? | No |
| Where does the unused energy go? | Recycled |
| Is the unused energy destroyed? | No |
| Energy can't be created or destroyed. True or false | True |
| Every process that occurs in the cell increases the total _____ of the universe. | Entropy |
| Series of linked reactions thateed in an orderly, step-by-step manner. | Metabolic pathway |
| Is the metabolic pathway all chemical or mechanical reactions? | Chemical |
| Protein molecules used to speed up RNX. | Enzyme |
| Potential energy is stored energy. True or False | True |
| Kinetic energy is energy of demotion? | False |
| Enzyme's are not recyclable or reused. True or false | False |
| All enzymes consumed in reactions? True or false | True |
| Enzymes are consumed in reactions? True or False | False |
| Enzymes act as a ______ used to speed up processes. | Catalyst |
| We can change the _________, _____________, and/or _________ but it will not change the way the enzyme works. | Shape/temperature/PH |
| Enzymes are named generally after the ____________. | Substrate |
| What do the names of enzymes typically end with? | Ase |
| Enzyme undergoes slight shape change to accommodate substrate. Then the enzyme will go back to original form is called ___________ _________________. | Feedback inhibition |
| Carbohydrates broken down and energy used to build ATP is called _______________ __________________. | Cellular respiration |
| ______________ uses sugar fro protist, fungi, animals, and bacteria. | Metabolism |
| Question 20 goes here | Question 20 goes here |
| Question 21 goes on yellow paper | Question 21 goes on yellow paper |
| ___________ takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell. | Glycolysis |
| Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration of the ________ __________. | Kreb's cycle |
| When glycolysis occurs, it breaks down glucose into _________ ________ in the cytoplasm. | Pyruvic acids |
| In eukaryotes, the ___________ ___________ _________ takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. | Citric acid cycle (CAC) |
| The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl _____ takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. | CoA |
| In prokaryotes, these steps both take place in the __________. | Cytoplasm |
| The _____________ ________________ _________________ for respiration occurs in the inner membrane layer of the mitochondria | Electron transport chain |
| _____________ is a metabolic process that coverts sugar to acids, gasses or alcohol. | Fermentation |
| It occurs in __________, _____________, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation | Yeast/bacteria |
| When we work out, our muscles will tell us when they are heading to lactic acidosis-major problems that damage ________ and ______ in humans. | Heart/muscles |
| The end products of fermentation are __________, __________ ________, and _________ ____________. | Alcohol/carbon dioxide/lactic acid |
| The process is essential in the production of _______, fermented ______, and __________. | Beer/milk/bread |
| To arrive at these end products, _________ are broken down in a process called glycolysis. | Sugars |
| Indicate whether glycolysis are aerobic or anaerobic. | Anaerobic |
| Indicate whether CAC are aerobic or anaerobic. | Aerobic |
| Indicate whether ETC are aerobic or anaerobic. | Anaerobic |
| Indicate whether fermentation are aerobic or anaerobic. | Anaerobic |
| _______________ is what plants, algae and cyanobacteria do, living things use it. | Photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis makes the plants _______________. | Producers |
| Producers feed themselves and all of the ____________ (most other living organisms on Earth) | Consumers |
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