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8.8A

Components of the Universe

QuestionAnswer
Universe all space and its contents
Star luminous globe of gas which produces its own heat and light by nuclear reaction
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram a diagram that shows the relationship between the brightness, surface temperature, and color of stars.
Luminosity the total amount of light (energy) emitted by a star or other celestial body.
Main Sequence Star stable stars in the middle development phases that plot along a continuous diagonal belt on the H-R Diagram
Nebula large cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space; the location of star formation. Known as the birthplace of stars.
Supernova the death of a large star by explosion
Black Hole the remains of a star or other large object that collapsed under its own gravity to form a super dense object with gravity so strong light cannot escape its pull
Galaxy a system of millions of stars and associated matter, held together by gravitational attraction
Elliptical Galaxy a galaxy with a long oval shape, a bright center, no apparent internal structure or spiral arms, and very little dust or gas
Spiral Galaxy a galaxy with a bulge in the center and very distinct long arms winding around the center
Lenticular (Spiral Bar) Galaxy galaxy with a central bulge or bar with short arms, if any present
Irregular Galaxy a galaxy with very little symmetry that does not fit into any category
Sun a medium sized, low mass, yellow star, around which other planets and Earth revolve. It is located near the edge of an arm of the Milky Way galaxy. It will end its life billions of years from now as a white dwarf.
Milky Way Galaxy the galaxy in which the Sun and Earth are located
Spiral Arms streaming arcs of millions of stars swirling around the center of a spiral galaxy such as the Milky Way
Galactic Center rotation center of a galaxy
Protostar A beginning of a star when nuclear fusion begins to happen
Red Giant What a low mass, main sequence star expands to become after it has burned up all of its hydrogen and converted it to helium
Super Giant Stars These are among the most massive and most luminous stars. They occupy the top region of the HR diagram
Dwarf Stars A star of relatively small size and low luminosity, including the majority of main sequence stars. They can be as small as Earth.
Blue Stars The hottest stars are this color, over 25,000K
Red Stars The coolest stars are this color, 3,500-5,000K
Spectra Class Stars of similar size, temperature, composition, and other properties have similar spectra and are classified in the same class.
Created by: Mrs_Bullock
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