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IV fluids

hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic & colloids

QuestionAnswer
Isotonic Fluids include 0.9% NaCl (normal saline), D5W (dextrose 5% in water), Lactated Ringers
What osmolality do isotonic fluids have? same osmolality as serum and other body fluids
D5W becomes what after metabolized? hypotonic
0.9% NaCl is used for... Shock, Resuscitation, Fluid challenges, Blood transfusions, Metabolic Alkalosis, Hyponatremia & DKA
Lactated Ringers is used for... Dehydration, burns, acute blood loss, hypovolemia & GI fluid loss
D5W is used for Fluid loss & dehydration Hypernatremia
Hypotonic Solutions include 0.45% NaCl (½ normal saline)
What osmolality does hypotonic fluid have? Lower osmolality than serum
0.45% NaCl is used for... Gastric fluid loss, Cellular dehydration from excessive diuresis, Hypertonic dehydration & slow rehydration
0.45% NaCl can cause what adverse effects? Patients at risk for (ICP) intracranial pressure & electrolyte disturbances
Hypertonic Solutions include D5NS (5% Dextrose in .9% Normal Saline ), D5LR (5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringers), D5½NaCl (5% Dextrose in 0.45% Normal Saline)
NS is Normal Saline, Sodium Chloride and NaCl . True or False True
D5NS is used for... Heat related disorders, fresh water drowning & Peritonitis
D5LR is used for... Hypovolemic shock, Hemorrhagic shock & Certain forms of acidosis
D5½NS is for... Heat exhaustion, Diabetic disorders, TKO solution in Renal & Cardiac dysfunction
What happens if you give 0.45% NaCl to a pt with Heart Failure or Renal Failure? Cells swell b/c this solution puts fluid into cells.
Colloids contain large insoluble particles which are referred to as solutes.
Colloids are made up of larger solutes than crystalloids
Colloids are used if crystalloids do not improve blood volume
Colloids pull fluid into the bloodstream
Why do colloids pull fluid into the bloodstream? Because they are always hypertonic
What are colloids? Blood, Blood products, Albumin, Plasma Protein traction, Dextram & Hetastarch
Dextram 40 and 70 are used to increase volume in vascular spaces
Dextram 40 and 70 are isotonic
10% Mannitol 20% Mannitol 5% Albumin 25% Albumin 6% Hetastarch in 9% NaCl 10% Hetastarch in 9% NaCl draws fluid out of intracellular space, increasing extracellular volume both in vascular and interstitial space
Colloids are plasma expanders? True or False True
Colloids are used for... Emergency Tx of shock from fluid or blood loss, Tx of hypotonic dehydration, Tx of circulatory collapse, increase fluid shift from interstitial to vascular space
Buffer solutions are used... to correct acidosis or alkalosis
Lactated Ringers can be used as a buffer solution. True or False True
Intravenous Sodium Bicarbonate is a more specific buffering solution
What conditions do you verify before giving K? Hypokalemia & Renal status
What electrolyte do you NEVER IV push and always dilute before giving? K
Oncotic pressure refers to the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins such as albumin
Osmolality refers to the number of dissolved particles contained in a unit of fluid
Osmotic diuresis occurs when urine output increases as a result of excretion of substances, I.e. glucose
Osmotic pressure is the amount of pressure need to stop the flow of water by osmosis
K, Mg & Ca imbalances can lead to life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias
Hypermagnesemia requires what Tx? IV loop diuretic (furosemide) and NaCl or LR to enhance excretion
Created by: cherie4801
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