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chapters 5&6
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a different name for a cell membrane | plasma membrane |
| phospholipid bilayer is made up of...? | 2 layers of phospholipids |
| what are components of the plasma membrane? | 1.) phospholipid bilayer 2) transmembrane proteins 3) interior membrane 4) cell surface markers |
| what are cell membrane interior proteins? | inside bilayer linked to cytoskeleton help give cell its shape |
| what are plasma membrane cell surface markers? | outside bilayer ECM glycoproteins and glycolipids that serve to identify the cell |
| what does the phospholipid bilayer allow? | allows hydrophobic non-polar molecules to pass through |
| can hydrophilic molecules pass through a phospholipid bilayer? | ONLY IF very small |
| what is squished in between the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid bilayer? | cholesterol molecules |
| what do cholesterol molecule do in the phospholipid bilayer? | they decrease the mobility of the phospholipids to increase the strength of the cell membrane |
| explain transmembrane proteins of the phospholipid bilayer | embedded in bilayer often go all the way through |
| types of transmembrane proteins | transporter, enzyme and cell surface receptor |
| what do holes formed by pores do? | allow hydrophilic molecules to pass through |
| what do aquaporins allow? | water in and out of cells |
| explain passive processes: | cell does NOT have to use its own energy(ATP) to move molecules through the membrane |
| explain Active processes: | cell DOES use its own energy(ATP) to move molecules through the membrane |
| what are passive processes always in the form of? | diffusion |
| explain diffusion: | movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration |
| explain simple/direct diffusion | diffusion of hydrophobic non polar molecules directly through phospholipid bilayer |
| explain facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules through the plasma membrane using specific tansmembrane proteins that act as channels |
| explain osmosis | diffusion of water ONLY |
| explain selective permability | cells allow only certain molecules to go through them |
| how do cells achieve permeability? | by determining what they want to makeup and make a channel/carrier for it |
| explain solute | stuff you put in solvent |
| explain solvent | what you put solute in |
| explain hydrastatic pressure | the pressure the water INSIDE the cell put on the cell membrane |
| explain somatic pressure | opposite force needed to stop water from entering the cell by osmosis |
| explain tonicity | refers to what osmosis and the pressure it generates does to the cell |
| isotonic | solution outside cell has the same salute as inside the cell (doesn't gain or lose) |
| hypertonic | solution outside the cell is higher than the solute inside the cell (cell will shrink) |
| Hypotonic | Solution outside the cell is lower (cell will grow or possibly burst) |
| what are 3 types of tonicity | hypertonic hypotonic and isotonic |
| antiporter | transports 2 types of molecules going opposite directions |
| uniporter | transports just 1 type of molecule |
| symporter | transports 2 different types of molecules going in the same direction |
| phagocytosis | cell eats other cell |
| pinocytosis | cell drinking solutes |
| endocytosis | plasma membrane moves to take in large molecules particles or even cells |
| explain receptor-mediated endocytosis | receptors decide what the cell needs |
| explain exocytosis | proteins or other large molecules are packed in a vesicle for export out of the cell |
Created by:
hiatt02
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