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Env Toxicology
Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a dose response assay? | An experiment involving the exposure of living things to toxic chemicals. |
| What are three ways response can be measured? | Moratality, morbidity, and inhibition. |
| Differentiate between a control and a controlled variable. | A control is the expected/normal conditions. A controlled variable is kept the same for all the tests and mitigates confounding factors |
| What is the threshold response? | The first observable response |
| What does NOEL stand for? | No observable effect level |
| What does idiosyncratic mean? | An odd response |
| What shape d dose response curves take? | Sigmoidal |
| The steeper the curve, the ______ the response. | faster |
| What are probits? | Probits transform data via binomial distribution and allows for a linear equation |
| Examples of acute toxicity model organisms. | Daphnia, microtox, fingerling trout, 3 spine stickle back |
| Examples of chronic toxicity model organisms | Plants, duckweed, minnows, sea urchins |
| 4 types of combination effects | Additive Antagonistic Multiplicative Synergystic |
| Explain additive effects. | The sum of individual effects where there is a similar mode of action. |
| Explain antagonistic effects. | One chemical lessens the effects of the other. |
| Explain multiplicative effects. | The product of two effects, where there is interaction evident. |
| Explain synergistic effects. | The effects when combined are exceedingly harmful |
| On a dose response graph, will a more toxic combination be closer or further from the y axis? | More toxic will be closer to y axis |
| How do you determine the exposure standard? | Determine the NOEL. Apply a safety factor based on effects Divide NOEL by factor |
| What is epidemiology? | The study of disease incidence, spread, and control within populations |
| What i s the goal of epidemiology? | To discover a cause and effect, and eliminate confounding factors |
| What are some typical confounding factors? | Age, gender, pre existing conditions |
| Different epidemiological studies | Cross section longitudinal case controlled |
| Explain a cross section study | A snapshot of health compared to past exposures |
| Explain a cross section study | Keep track of a population |
| Explain a case controlled study | Track a population known to be exposed and compare with a similar unaffected group |
Created by:
swilson67
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