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MCB 163 Lab 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Caudate Nucleus (Lab Exam 1 - Tested) | Involved in learning and memory, particularly feedback processing; role in involuntary control of stereotyped behavior |
| LGN (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | 1st visual input center |
| Pineal Gland (Lab Exam 1 - Tested) | Endocrine gland that releases melatonin that regulates sleep/wake cycles |
| Superior Colliculus (Lab Exam 1 - Tested) | Role in controlling eye movements/part of the visual system |
| Corpus Callosum (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Axon fibers connecting the two hemispheres |
| Septum Pellucidum (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Membrane separation of the lateral ventricles |
| Septum (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Part of the limbic system that receives input from the hippocampus via the fornix |
| Habenula (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Connects pineal gland to thalamus; role in sleep/wake cycles, reproductive behavior, pain processing and learning |
| Inferior Colliculus (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Main nucleus in the midbrain in the auditory pathway |
| Optic Tract (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Brings visual information from the optic chiasm to the LGN |
| MGN (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus and sends its output to the auditory cortex |
| Optc Chiasm (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Where the optic nerves partially cross so that the L visual field information goes to the R hemisphere (vice versa) |
| Optic Nerve (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Cranial nerve that brings visual information from the retina to the brain |
| Thalamus (Lab Exam 1 - Not Tested) | Relay center for sensory input, except olfaction, to the cerebral cortex |
| Corona Radiata | White matter sheet that continues caudally as the internal capsule. Consists of ascending and descending axons. Associated with the corticospinal tract |
| Fasciculus Gracius | Ascending in spinal cord white matter. Carries fine touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception for the lower body. Decussates at the medulla. Goes to VPL and S1 |
| Fasciculus Cuneatus | Ascending in spinal cord white matter. Carries fine touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception for the upper body. Decussates at the medulla. Goes to VPL and S1 |
| Fasciculus of Lissauer | Ascending short pain and temperature fibers in the spinal cord white matter whose cell bodies are in the DRG. From the ST system. |
| Rubro-Spinal Tract | Descending in spinal cord white matter. Carries large muscle movement. Crosses. Goes to the ventral horn. |
| Dorsal-Spinal Cerebellar Tract | Ascending in spinal cord white matter. Carries unconscious proprioception from the muscle spindles. No decussation. Goes to the cerebellum. |
| Reticulo-Spinal Tract | Descending in spinal cord white matter. Carries posture control. No decussation. Goes to ventral horn. |
| Lateral Vestibulo-Spinal Tract | Descending in spinal cord white matter. Carries muscle tone and balance. No decussaion. Goes to ventral horn. |
| Tecto-Spinal Tract | Descending in spinal cord white matter. Carries coordination of head and eye movement. Crosses. Goes to the head and neck muscles. |
| Anterior Corticospinal Tract | Descending in spinal cord white matter. Carries fibers of the pyramids. No decussation. |
| MLF | Tract from the abducens nucleus to the oculomotor nucleus for eye muscle control in spinal cord white matter. |
| Dorsal Horn | Spinal cord grey matter containing sensory neurons. |
| Ventral Horn | Spinal cord gray matter containing motor neurons. Medial areas project to proximal muscles; Lateral areas project to distal muscles. |
| Intermediolateral Nucleus | Contains the autonomic motor neurons that give ruse to the fibers of the sympathetic system in spinal cord gray matter from T1-L3. |
| Main Descending Cortico-Spinal Tract | Descending in spinal cord white matter. Carries fine muscle control. Decussates at the medulla. Goes to the ventral horn. |
| Ventral Spino-Cerebellar Tract | Ascending in the spinal cord white matter. Carries unconscious proprioception from the golgi-tendon. Decussates twice! Goes to the cerebellum |
| Spino-Thalamic Tract | Ascending in the spinal cord white matter. Carries pain, temperature sensation. Decussates at the spinal cord. Goes to VPM and S1 |
| Substantia Gelatinosa | Spinal cord gray matter nuclei in lamina 2. C-fibers terminate here. Nerve cells here can be targeted to manage pain of distal origin |
| Nucleus Proprius | Spinal cord gray matter nuclei in laminae 3/4. Constitutes the bulk of the dorsal horn and receives inputs from the DRGs that carry sensory information. |
| Clarke's Nucleus | Spinal cord gray matter nuclei. A major relay center for unconscious proprioception. Project to the spino-cerebellar tract |
| Gracilis Nucleus | In medulla. Contains 2nd order DC neurons and aid in sensation of fine touch from the lower body |
| Cuneate Nucleus | In medulla. Contain 2nd order DC neurons and aid in sensation of fine touch from the upper body |
| Hypoglossal Nucleus | In medulla. Cranial nerve nucleus that control tongue muscle (motor). |
| Spinal Trigeminal Tract | In medulla. Descending axons that ring pain/temperature sensation from the face to the brain |
| Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus | In the medulla. Represents pain/temperature sensation in the face |
| Pyramids | Motor axon tracts in the medulla from the cerebellar cortex to the spinal cord. |
| Pyramid Decussation | In the medulla. Where motor information from the R cerebellar cortex crosses to affect the L side of the body (vice versa) |
| 4th Ventricle & Choroid Plexus | Choroid Plexus - Where the CSF is produced by modified ependymal cells |
| Vagal Motor Nucleus | In the medulla. Arises from the floor of the 4th ventricle. Serves parasympathetic functions in the heart, lungs, thoracic and abdominal innervation. |
| Inferior Olive | In the medulla. Closely assosciated with the cerebellum; involved in control and coordination movements. Extends climbing fibers into the cerebellar cortex |
| Fastigial Nucleus | In the medulla. Received afferent intput from the flocculus and vermis. Deals with antigravity muscle groups. Output is the inferior cerebellar peduncle. |
| Interposed Nucleus | In the medulla. Receives input from the intermediate zone. Modulates stretch reflexws of distal muscles. Output is the superior cerebellar peduncle. |
| Dentate Nucleus | In the medulla. Receives input from the motor cortex. Planning, initiation, and control of voluntary movement. Output is the superior cerebellar peduncle |
| Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle | In the medulla. Input from spinal cord and spino-cerebellar tract. Carries climbing fibers from the inferior olives. |
| Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus | In the medulla. Sends fibers to the inferior colliculus via the lateral lemniscus. Tumor --> tinnitus |
| Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve | Cranial nerve that brings auditory information from the ear to the brain |
| Spinal Tract of V (Trigeminal) | In medulla. 1st order sensory axons of the pain/temp component of the trigeminal complex |
| Facial Motor Nucleus | In medulla. Lower motor neurons that innervate facial muscles that are for expression. Lesion --> ipsilateral flaccid paralysis of face |
| Superior Cerebellar Peduncle | In cerebellum. Major output pathway of the cerebellum for the Inerposed and Dentate nuclei |
| Medial Vestibular Nucleus | In medulla. Responsible for coordinating head and eye movements and head stabilization. |
| Flocculus | In cerebellum. Receives inputs from primary vestibular afferents. Damage --> vertigo and slow eye movements |
| Facial Nerve Tract | In medulla. Carries the motor axons that innervate the muscles in the face for expression. |
| Periolivary Region | In the medulla. Receives inputs from the ipsilateral inferior colliculus |
| Abducens Nucleus | In medulla. Efferents from the neurons innervate the lateral rectus eye muscle |
| Intermediate Lobe | In cerebellum. Receives afferent input from the spinal cord that come from somatosensory receptors on the skin, muscles and joints. Damage --> Interposed and Dentate nuclei are no longer conneted |
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