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ULS Bio Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the basic unit of matter |
| nuclues | the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons |
| electron | negatively charged particle; located in the space around the nucleus |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| isotope | one of serveral forms of asingle element that contains same number of protons but diff. number of neutrons |
| compound | substance formed by chemical combo of 2 or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | chemical bond fromed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| covalent bond | type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds that displays all properties of that compound |
| van der Waals forces | slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between hydrogen atoma and another atom |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| mixture | materical composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physcially mixed together by not chemically combined |
| solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| pH scale | scale used to measure H+ ions in a solution |
| acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution (pH less than 7) |
| base | compund that produces hydroxide ions in solution (pH more than 7) |
| buffer | compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| monomer | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer |
| polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar molecule |
| lipid | macromolecule made from mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | marcromolucules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; needed by body for growth and repair |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxl group on the other |
| chemical reaction | process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| product | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
DaleULS
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