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B4 organising part3

AQA GCSE B4 organising animals and plants part 3 LUNGS

QuestionAnswer
Name the organ that produces urea liver
Name the organ that removes urea from the blood kidneys
CHALLENGE: if The average number of alveoli in each human lung is 250 million. The average surface area of 1 single alveolus is 8x10^-8 m2. Calculate the total surface area of a human lung. 250x10^6x8x10^-8=40m2, about the size of a tennis court!
When you take a breath in, what happens to the rib cage? it expands
What is the brown substance that collects in your lungs and that can When you take a breath in, what happens to thediaphragm? it expands
What differences would you see in the composition of exhaled air at rest compared to exhaled air during exercise? There would be a greater oxygen concentration and lower carbon dioxide concentration at rest. When you exercise, you use up more O2, you produce more CO2
What is the substance that traps all the dust in your lungs? MUCUS
How is the mucus carried from the lungs to your throat and nose? LITTLE HAIRS (CILIA) MOVING
What is the Scientific Name of the windpipe? TRACHEA
Why is the trachea made of hard cartilage? To keep the air flowing in and out; if the trachea was made of soft tissues, it would collapse and no air would flow in or out
What is the scientific name of the air sac? ALVEOLI
Why is it important to have many alveoli rather than 2 big balloons? to increase surface area to have more gas exchange
What is the name of the small air passages in the lungs? BRONCHIOLE
What happens to asthmatics during an asthma attack? the bronchioles get narrower so less air flows in and out (say “narrower” rather than “smaller”!)
The Windpipe divides into two branches. What is the name of those branches? BRONCHUS
What is the muscle that makes us breathe? DIAPHRAGM
When we breathe in, describe what happens to the rib-cage. IT EXPANDS
What is the difference between respiration and breathing? breathing is the exchange of gas IN LUNGS; respiration is the production of energy from sugar IN CELLS
How much Carbon Dioxide is there on average in the air that we breathe in? less than 1%
How much Carbon Dioxide is there on average in the air that we breathe out? about4%
Where respiration takes place Cells
Where breathing takes place Lungs
What is the difference between breathing and respiration? Breathing means “getting gases in and out of the LUNGS”; respiration means “burning sugar in the CELLS to get ENERGY”
What feature of an artery helps it withstand pressure? Thick walls
Explain how the oxygen goes from the capillary into a cell the oxygen will diffuse from the capillary into the cell
What is the name of the two small chambers at the top of the heart? Atria
Why has the left ventricle a thicker muscle than the right ventricle? because the left ventricle needs to push the blood all the way around teh body, whereas the right verntricle pushes the blood to the lungs only
Describe the how the oxygen travels from the mouth to a capillary The air flows from the mouth to the Trachea > Bronchi>Bronchioles > Alveoli
What passes from the lungs into a capillary? Oxygen
What passes from the capillary to the alveolus? carbon dioxide
How does the oxygen pass from the alveoli into capillaries? diffusion
Why is the trachea so hard? to prevent the trachea from collapsing, so that the air can always pass through
Why are there so many alveoli in the lungs? to create a large surface area to get more oxygen in;
CHALLENGE: Explain why heart rate and breathing rate increase when you exercise when you exercise, your muscles need energy, so they need more sugar and more oxygen, so they need more blood (did you use “more” every time?)
Created by: ursulinebio
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