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Biology Chapter 3
Biology Chapter 3: Matter and Energy Flow
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organisms that get energy from consuming living things | hetertrophs |
| organisms that make their own food | autotrophs |
| what is the process that autotrophs use to make food | photosynthesis |
| process of capturing energy from sunlight to produce glucose | photosynthesis |
| what organelle does photosynthesis take place | chloroplasts |
| what are the reactants of photosynthesis (chemical equation) | 6CO₂+6H₂O+sunlight |
| what are products of photosynthesis (chemical equation) | 6O₂+6C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| what are the reactants of photosynthesis (word equation) | carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| what are the products of photosynthesis (word equation) | oxygen + glucose |
| how many reactions does photosynthesis have | 2 |
| takes oxygen out of water, oxygen is the byproduct, occurs in thylakoids | light dependent reaction |
| takes CO₂ from atmosphere to produce sugar, takes place in the stroma | light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) |
| what 3 things affect photosynthesis | amount of light, access to water, temperature |
| process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen, occurs in mitochondria, reverse of photosynthesis | cellular respiration |
| reactants of cellular respiration ( chemical equation) | 6O₂+6C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| products of cellular respiration ( chemical equation) | 6CO₂+6H₂O+ ATP |
| reactants of cellular respiration ( word equation) | oxygen + glucose |
| products of cellular respiration ( word equation) | carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| what are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration | 1. glycolysis 2. Kreb's cycle 3. Electron Transport Vhain |
| break down of glucose, provides ATP quickly, doesn't require oxygen, produces pyruvic acid, occurs in cytoplasam, produces 2 ATP molecules | glycolysis |
| uses pyruvic acid from glycolysis, produces 2 ATP molecules, produces high energy electrons, occurs in mitochondria | Kreb's cycle (citric acid cycle) |
| uses electrons from Kreb cycle, requires oxygen, occurs in membrane of mitochondria, produces 32 ATP molecules | Electron transport chain |
| glycolysis + kreb's cycle + ETC = ______________________- | 36 ATP |
| process that releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen | fermentation |
| supplies enough ATP to last 90 seconds | lactic acid fermentation |
| what does your body need to go through to make ATP | cellular respiration |
| process that requires oxygen | aerobic |
| process that doesn't require oxygen | anaerobic |
| how many species live on Earth | 10-100 million |
| what is the most abundant species | bacteria |
| how many species have been named | 1.4 million (mostly insects) |
| individual of a species | organism |
| group of individuals of a species that live in an area | population |
| group of populations in the same area | community |
| community interacting with environment | ecosystem |
| what does an ecosystem contain | biotic and abiotic factors |
| region that organisms are adapted to living | biome |
| all life on Earth and all parts where life exists | biosphere |
| different species in a specific area | biodiversity |
| a sequence that links species through feeding relationships | food chain |
| eat producers | herbivores |
| eat consumer | carnivore |
| eats producers and consumers | omnivore |
| eats dead animals | scavengers |
| eats and breaks down organic material | decomposer |
| feeds on waste and dead organisms | detritivores |
| complex network of feeding interactions | food web |
| where does the arrow always point to in a food web | the organism that eats it |
| shows how energy is transferred through organisms | trophic pyramid |
| how is energy lost at every level of the trophic pyramid | uses energy for metabolism and energy is lost as heat |
| chemical processes needed to maintain life | metabolism |
| how much energy is lost in each level | 10 % |
| total dry mass of all organisms in a given area | biomass |
| why do producers have the most biomass | they get energy from the sun and they support all life |
| what is the water cycle driven by | solar energy and gravity |
| what are the 6 steps of the water cycle | precipitation, evaporation, condensation, runoff, infiltration, transpiration |
| rain, snow, sleet | precipitation |
| water is heated and turns to gas | evaporation |
| water is cooled and gas turns to liquid | condensation |
| precipitation occurs to fast and cannot absorb | runoff |
| water that seeps into the ground | infiltration |
| water leaves plants alone and as gas | transpiration |
| effects of human activities on water cycle | polluting surface and underground water; withdrawing large amounts of fresh water |
| plants remove CO₂ from atmosphere, producers convert CO₂ into glucose/ oxygen | carbon cycle |
| dead plants and organic matter compressed between rocks | fossil fuels |
| human impacts of the carbon cycle | clearing trees and burning fossil fuels add excess carbon to atmosphere |
| has to be "fixed" to compounds that organisms can use | nitrogen cycle |
| what is the most abundant gas at 78% | nitrogen cycle |
| converts organic material into ammonia | nitrogen fixing bacteria |
| process of changing organic material into ammonia | ammonification |
Created by:
dancer2024