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Biology Chapter 3
Biology Chapter 3: Matter and Energy Flow
Question | Answer |
---|---|
organisms that get energy from consuming living things | hetertrophs |
organisms that make their own food | autotrophs |
what is the process that autotrophs use to make food | photosynthesis |
process of capturing energy from sunlight to produce glucose | photosynthesis |
what organelle does photosynthesis take place | chloroplasts |
what are the reactants of photosynthesis (chemical equation) | 6CO₂+6H₂O+sunlight |
what are products of photosynthesis (chemical equation) | 6O₂+6C₆H₁₂O₆ |
what are the reactants of photosynthesis (word equation) | carbon dioxide + water + energy |
what are the products of photosynthesis (word equation) | oxygen + glucose |
how many reactions does photosynthesis have | 2 |
takes oxygen out of water, oxygen is the byproduct, occurs in thylakoids | light dependent reaction |
takes CO₂ from atmosphere to produce sugar, takes place in the stroma | light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) |
what 3 things affect photosynthesis | amount of light, access to water, temperature |
process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen, occurs in mitochondria, reverse of photosynthesis | cellular respiration |
reactants of cellular respiration ( chemical equation) | 6O₂+6C₆H₁₂O₆ |
products of cellular respiration ( chemical equation) | 6CO₂+6H₂O+ ATP |
reactants of cellular respiration ( word equation) | oxygen + glucose |
products of cellular respiration ( word equation) | carbon dioxide + water + energy |
what are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration | 1. glycolysis 2. Kreb's cycle 3. Electron Transport Vhain |
break down of glucose, provides ATP quickly, doesn't require oxygen, produces pyruvic acid, occurs in cytoplasam, produces 2 ATP molecules | glycolysis |
uses pyruvic acid from glycolysis, produces 2 ATP molecules, produces high energy electrons, occurs in mitochondria | Kreb's cycle (citric acid cycle) |
uses electrons from Kreb cycle, requires oxygen, occurs in membrane of mitochondria, produces 32 ATP molecules | Electron transport chain |
glycolysis + kreb's cycle + ETC = ______________________- | 36 ATP |
process that releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen | fermentation |
supplies enough ATP to last 90 seconds | lactic acid fermentation |
what does your body need to go through to make ATP | cellular respiration |
process that requires oxygen | aerobic |
process that doesn't require oxygen | anaerobic |
how many species live on Earth | 10-100 million |
what is the most abundant species | bacteria |
how many species have been named | 1.4 million (mostly insects) |
individual of a species | organism |
group of individuals of a species that live in an area | population |
group of populations in the same area | community |
community interacting with environment | ecosystem |
what does an ecosystem contain | biotic and abiotic factors |
region that organisms are adapted to living | biome |
all life on Earth and all parts where life exists | biosphere |
different species in a specific area | biodiversity |
a sequence that links species through feeding relationships | food chain |
eat producers | herbivores |
eat consumer | carnivore |
eats producers and consumers | omnivore |
eats dead animals | scavengers |
eats and breaks down organic material | decomposer |
feeds on waste and dead organisms | detritivores |
complex network of feeding interactions | food web |
where does the arrow always point to in a food web | the organism that eats it |
shows how energy is transferred through organisms | trophic pyramid |
how is energy lost at every level of the trophic pyramid | uses energy for metabolism and energy is lost as heat |
chemical processes needed to maintain life | metabolism |
how much energy is lost in each level | 10 % |
total dry mass of all organisms in a given area | biomass |
why do producers have the most biomass | they get energy from the sun and they support all life |
what is the water cycle driven by | solar energy and gravity |
what are the 6 steps of the water cycle | precipitation, evaporation, condensation, runoff, infiltration, transpiration |
rain, snow, sleet | precipitation |
water is heated and turns to gas | evaporation |
water is cooled and gas turns to liquid | condensation |
precipitation occurs to fast and cannot absorb | runoff |
water that seeps into the ground | infiltration |
water leaves plants alone and as gas | transpiration |
effects of human activities on water cycle | polluting surface and underground water; withdrawing large amounts of fresh water |
plants remove CO₂ from atmosphere, producers convert CO₂ into glucose/ oxygen | carbon cycle |
dead plants and organic matter compressed between rocks | fossil fuels |
human impacts of the carbon cycle | clearing trees and burning fossil fuels add excess carbon to atmosphere |
has to be "fixed" to compounds that organisms can use | nitrogen cycle |
what is the most abundant gas at 78% | nitrogen cycle |
converts organic material into ammonia | nitrogen fixing bacteria |
process of changing organic material into ammonia | ammonification |