Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology 3&4
chapters 3 and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is polar Hydrophobic or Hydrophylic? | Hydrophobic |
| is Non-Polar Hydrophobic or Hydrophylic? | Hydrophylic |
| What are Organic molecules? | Contain atoms of Carbon, Made up of living things,Many C-C bonds, Many C-H bonds |
| Define Monomer: | Single Small Molecule |
| Define Polymers; | many monomers hooked together to make a big molecule. |
| explain Dehydration synthesis; | takes away water to split monomer to polymer |
| explain hydrolysis | adds water to combine polymers to make one monomer |
| what is the monomer of carbs (starch glycogen cellulose and chitin) | monosaccharide (glucose) |
| what is the monomer of proteins (functional and structural) | amino acids |
| what is the monomer of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) | nucleotides |
| what is the monomer of lipids (fats) | glycerol and three fatty acids |
| what is the monomer of lipids (phospholipids) | glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphate and poor R groups |
| what is the monomer of lipids (steroids) | four lused carbon rings |
| what is the monomer of lipids (terrpnes) | long carbon chains |
| are all monosaccharides hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophilic |
| chemicles that end in -OSE are typically ...? | sugars |
| what are the functions of carbohydrates in living things? | energy storage, structural |
| what are the monomers of carbohydrates? | monosaccharides or "simple sugars" |
| define glucose: | cells break down for energy by cellular respiration |
| what is the number of glucose | C6 H12 O2 |
| define isomer: | molecules with the same formula BUT with the atoms arranged differently |
| what are polysaccharides also known as? | complex carbohydrates |
| what are 4 types of Polysaccharides? | 1 starch 2 glycogen 3 cellulose 4 chitin |
| do plants or animals make starch? explain. | plants only (its how they store access glucose |
| is glycogen made by plants or animals? explain | animals only (To store access glucose hydrophobic? |
| define cellulose | hydrophobic main structural molecule of plants |
| is chitin hydrophobic or hydrophilic | hydrophobic |
| what molecule does the most different kind of things? | proteins |
| after water what is the most abundant molecule in the cell? | proteins |
| what are polymers made up of amino acids? | proteins |
| define primary structure | sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| define secondary structure | specific shape the long chain of amino acids assumes because of hydrogen bonds and other interactions between atoms |
| define tertiary structure | helix and sheets fold onto themselves to form blobs ex hemoglobin |
| what are common kinds of secondary structures? | pleated sheets and helix |
| define quatinary structures | made by connecting several tertiary structures together |
| define motifs | reaccuring elements in a proteins secondary structure ex helix |
| Beta Alpha Beta motifs or BAB motifs are often involved with the binding of? | DNA |
| define domain | functional unit within the tertiary and primary structures of large proteins |
| define chaperones | proteins that help newly formed proteins fold into their correct secondary structures |
| define denaturation and example | irreversible change of shape of a protein ex excessive heat low ph or high ph |
| define renaturation | refolding protein back to proper shape |
| why do proteins unfold | because of a disruption of the weak forces holding it in shape |
| what makes up a nucleotide? | a hydrophilic phosphate group, a hydrophilic sugar and a nitrogenous base |
| what makes up DNA ? | phosphate group a sugar and a base |
| bases of DNA | A-G-C-T |
| bases of RNA | A-G-C-U |
| define purines | double ring structure (Adenine and glamine) |
| A= | adenine |
| G= | glamine |
| C= | cytosine |
| T= | thymine |
| U= | Urasil |
| what does DNA replication use in prime? | goes from 5 prime to 3 prime |
| hydrogen bonds always have the pattern | A-T G-C |
| what is the difference between DNA and RNA | DNA has ATCG double helix and deoxyribose phosphate backbone RNA has AUCG single strand and ribose phosphate backbone |
| what does A.T.P stand for? | adenosine triphosphate |
| Define adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | a molecule that transfers energy from place to place in the cell |
| define lipids | generally hydrophobic they have lots of carbon to hydrogen bonds that can produce energy |
| what are 3 types of lipids | 1 fats (triglycerides, saturated and unsaturated) |
| what is the Monomer units of fats | 3 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| saturated fats have how many hydrogen? | 2 |
| define transfat | partially hydrogenated fat that turns into cholesterol |
| how are saturated fats at room temp? | solid and made by animals |
| what do saturated fats turn into? | cholestrol |
| define unsaturated fats | liquid at room temperature mae by plants only has 1 hydrogen |
| what are all living things made of? | a double layer of phospholipids (cell membranes) |
| define cells | everything a living thing is made up of and does is because of cells |
| what is the cell theory | all living things are made of cells and cell products cells are the basic structural and function units of living things and ALL CELLS come from preexisting cells |
| what cell types use DNA as their genetic material | prokaryotic cells and eukeroytic cells |
| define cytoplasm | semi-fluid substance within cell |
| basic characteristics of cells 4 | 1 small 2 use DNA as genetic material 3 contain cytoplasm 4 surrounded by plasma/cell membrane |
| what synthesis takes place in ribosomes | protein synthesis |
| what is a cell wall | extra layer outside of the cell membrane |
| what is a capsule | another layer outside of the cell wall |
| flagellum helps with...? | movement |
| explain prokaryotes and identify the two main groups? | have the basic characteristics of life but not much else 2 main groups bacteria and archea |
| explain eukeryotes | have all the basic characteristics of life Plus much more |
| define organelles | tiny organs |
| what makes cromatin | DNA and proteins |
| what makes ribosomes? what is the ribosomes located by in the cell? what does it hook together | made of RNA and proteins located by the nucleolus this structures amino acids hook to to make proteins |
| what is the nucleolus? what does it make? what is it made of? | structure inside of nucleus ( dark colored ball) made of RNA and proteins makes ribosomes |
| what is the nuclear membrane ? what is it made of? | surround nucleus and hold nucleolus in place made up of 2 double layers of phospholipids |
| what is nuclear pores | small holes in the nuclear membrane to allow small molecules in and out of the nucleus (water, small proteins etc) but leaves DNA trapped inside the nucleus |
| what does the Smooth endplasmic reticulum make and store? | makes carbohydrates, steroids, and stores calcium |
| what makes up the the endomembrane system | endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body: system of membranes petitions |
| what does the rough ER ribosomes make? what is it made of? | ribosomes attatched to the rough ER make protein, made of double layer of phospholipids |
| what is the golgi body made up of? what does the golgi body do? | flat sacks double layer of phospholipids functions as the cells post office receives molecules inside transport vesicle labels the molecule and sends itwhere it needs to go using secretory vessicles |
| what does the golgi apparatus do in plants? | in plants makes polysaccharides that go into the cell wall |
| what are lysosomes made of? what do lysosomes do? | collection of acids and powerful enzymes surrounded by exra thick membrane; breaks down old organelles and recycles parts |
| what happens if the lysosomes wall is too thin? | the acids leak out and the cell kills itself also known as the suicide bags |
| what do micro bodies contain? what do they do? | enzymes that break down fatty acids or hydrogen peroxide |
| what are proteasomes? | compresses of recycled proteins |
| what does mitochondria make? | makes ATP "power plant" 2 membranes outter and inner space between = inter membrane space or matrix |
| what do chloroplasts contain? | plants only contain chlorophyll make it green central vassal bubble membrane and tonoplasts area around vacural |
| what is function of cytoskeleton? | give cell shape anchors organelles and membranes in its place enables movement in cell and of cell |
| what arrangement does flagellum have | 9 + 2 arrangement 9 triplet microtubules outside; 2 on the inside |
| citia and flagella are most common in anima or plant cells? | animal cells |
| cell walls have how many layers? | 2 primary and secondary |
| what is the primary cell wall | more flexible allows cell to grow |
| what happens when secondary cell wall is developed? | once developed the cell doesn't grow anymore |
| what does ECM stand for? | extracellular matrix (mostly fibers and proteins) |
| what are protein markers made of? | ECM glycolipids and MHC markers |
| what do surface markers do? | in multicellular organisms help cell recognize each other |
| what do MHC do | help cells in the immune system to see things and identify them as "YOU" |
| what is cell junction | connections between cells that hold cells together in tissues |
Created by:
hiatt02
Popular Biology sets