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Mr. Vaughan Unit 2

Matter

TermDefinition
atom the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
proton a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus; the number of protons is the atomic number
neutron a subatomic particle that has no charge and is located in the nucleus
electron a subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is located in the electron cloud outside the nucleus
element a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
chemical symbol a one, two, or three letter abbreviation of the name of an element
chemical bond an interaction that holds atoms or ions together
ionic bond the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
covalent bond a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
metallic bond a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
chemical reaction the process in which atoms are rearranged and chemical bonds are broken and formed to produce a chemical change of a substance
chemical formula a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
chemical equation a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
reactant a substance that participates in a chemical reaction (on the left side of the arrow)
product a substance that forms in a chemical reaction (on the right side of the arrow)
law of conservation of mass the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
endothermic reaction a chemical reaction that requires energy input, usually as heat
exothermic reaction a chemical reaction in which energy is released to the surroundings, usually as heat
law of conservation of energy the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
Created by: dougteach65
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