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Soil

6th Grade Earth Science

TermDefinition
Soil A loose mixture of small rock fragments, organic matter, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation.
Weathering Breaking apart a rock into smaller pieces.
Organic matter Stuff that has come from a recently living organism. (Also known as organic material)
Humus Remains of decayed organic matter found in the top layer of soil.
Soil profile A vertical section of soil that shows all of the different layers of soil.
Soil horizon Each layer in a soil profile that has different physical properties.
A Horizon Soil layer that is the top layer of the soil profile, often referred to as topsoil. Decomposers live here. Plant roots and animals burrow (dig holes) through this layer of soil.
Parent rock Where the original rock particles (sediment) came from.
B Horizon Soil layer that lies below A horizon. Water drains from A horizon into this layer of soil, giving it a red/brownish color rich with iron and clay.
C Horizon Soil layer underneath B Horizon. Soil is not very nutrient rich, has large rock fragments (pieces) and no organic matter.
Soil texture Describes the amounts of differently sized soil particles. Soil particles are classified sand, silt, or clay, but most soils are a mixture of all 3.
Soil color The actual color of soil is a clue to the types and amounts of minerals and organic matter in the soil.
Soil chemistry How acidic or basic the pH level of the soil is.
Pore space Describes the space between the soil particles . Lot's of spore space allows water and air to move easily through the soil.
Soil fertility Describes how well a soil can support plant growth.
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