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ResourceTest 1/25/19
Earth and space test- Hannah B and Lauryn
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is an ore? | Anything that can be removed profitably, a natural material, mental or non-mental. Being rare, useful, or pretty makes these profitable. |
How can an ore form? | CoolingMagma-cools,dense metals sink,form@bottom/magma chambers (differentiation)ContactMetamorphism-Heat+chemical reactions cause sum ores2form n lodes(deposits n rock formations)MovingWater-water move ores (ex-gold)then deposit in area(Placer Deposits) |
What are the four types of mining? | 1.) Subsurface mining 2.) Surface mining 3.) Placer mining 4.) Undersea mining |
How the types of mining different? | 1.) Subsurface mining- Minerals are underground 2.) Surface mining minerals are close to surface 3.) Placer mining- buckets scoop up sediments and separate them 4.) Undersea mining- most difficult to mine, minerals are located in nodules undersea |
What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources? | Renewable- Natural resources such as water or wind that replenish themselves to overcome depletion. Nonrenewable- resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable use. |
How did fossil fuels form? | Fossil fuels is a nonrenewable source that formed from organisms that lived long ago. These are oil, coal, and natural gas. They are mostly made of hydrocarbons, these compounds are made of hydrogen and carbon. |
What is a hydrocarbon and why are they important? | Hydrocarbons- Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon like in petroleum and natural gas. Their Covalent bonds store a lot of energy which is released when the molecules are burned. They make good fuels. |
What process causes coal to change from stage to stage? | Carbonization |
Describe the process of carbonization. | Carbonization- Process in which a fuel is heated without air to leave solid porous carbon. |
What are the four stages of coal and how are they different? | 1.) peat- Partial decomposition of plants, brownish-black 2.) Lignite- Heat and pressure turn it into “brown coal” 3.) Bituminous- 80% carbon, “soft coal” 4.) Anthracite- Hardest form, black. |
What is the different between coal, oil, and natural gas? Explain coal | made/remains/plants that have went through carbonization.When buried n swamp+became peat.Bacteria try2consume peat+release methane+carbon dioxide.This causes it2slowly change composition until its mostly carbon.Only happens in swamps if oxygen is gone |
What is the different between coal, oil, and natural gas? Explain Oil | Oil- liquid hydrocarbons. Liquid derived from petroleum, especially for use as fuel or lubricant. |
What is the different between coal, oil, and natural gas? Explain Natural gas | Natural gas- flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground and used as fuel. |
What process produces nuclear energy and how does it work? | Nuclear Fission.Process of splitting the nuclear of a heavy atom. Generates heat to produce steam, which is used by a turbine generator to generate electricity. Because nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, they do not produce greenhouse gas emissions. |
Explain the process from beginning to end of how nuclear plants creates their energy. | 1.)Energy released fr fission heats water n chamber/high pressure-stays water2.)Waters transferred2another chamber+changes2steam3.)Steam moves turbine,causes it2move+create electricity thru mechanical energy4.)Leftover steam moves2cooling tower+released |
Explain the process from beginning to end of how geothermal plants creates their energy | 1.) Water flows under Earth’s surface and is often heated by the magma just below it. 2.) They can drill wells down to the hot water. They use the extremely hot and powerful steam to turn the turbines and create electricity. |
What would scientists do if they dug to get geothermal energy but did not hit any water? | If they area does not already have water, they may pour water to fill cracks and produce steam. |
What are the types of systems for solar energy? | 1.) Passive systems- does not involve moving parts.(letting sunshine pass through a window to create heat) 2.) Active systems- Uses solar collectors. (photovoltaic cells) |
What are photovoltaic cells and what do they do (the process, not “they produce energy”? | Photovoltaic cells- Commonly known as solar panels, they collect the sunlight in the cells, causing a chain of electrons to flow. Another name for a flow of electrons is a current, which is electricity |
Explain the process from beginning to end of how dams creates their energy. | From the beginning you need to start in a big river,at the end of the penstock there is a turbine propeller. When water from the dam passes through, the turbines spin this creates energy. |
Explain the process from beginning to end of how wind farms creates their energy. | The energy in the wind turbines turn two or three propeller like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft which spins a generator to create electricity. |
What is considered biomass fuel? | Waste residues. |
Explain the process from beginning to end of how biomass plants creates their energy. | Biomass is burned in a combustor or furnace to generate hot gas, it is then pushed through a boiler to generate steam which is generated through a steam turbine or steam engine to produce energy |
What is the order ranking the different energy sources based on usage? | Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Energy, Hydroelectric,wind, biomass, Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy. |
What are some negative impacts of mining? | Erosion , Formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, contamination of soil. |
How can mining affect the air (other than carbon dioxide)? | this emits a lot of air pollution. Dust and coal particles stirred up during the mining process as well as soot released during coal transport. |
How can mining affect the water around it? | Acid mine drainage , metal contamination, increased sediment levels in streams, abandoned surface. |
Why does mining increase the rate of erosion? | By pulling rocks and other particles down the side of a mountain or cliff. |
How could mining cause sinkholes? | These are caused by underground erosion or underground water, Drilling mining, construction broken water or drain pipes. |
What is mining reclamation? | The process of restoring land that has been mined to natural or economically usable state. |
What is conservation? | Prevention or waste of resource. |
What are some ways to conserve minerals? | Recycling of metals,Alternative renewable substances, Technology should be improved to use the low grade ores professionally. |
What are some ways to conserve fossil fuels? | Use plastic containers, Reduce your plastic. |
What are some ways to conserve water? | ways to conserve water is by taking shorter showers, by filling up dishwasher before turning on. |
Why is it important to conserve resource now instead of using them up now? | So we will have them farther down the road and will be able to use them. |
Name mining regulations and explain them. | CleanWaterAct-Federal act protects against water pollution.Safe Water act-Protects water does testing. Env. Response-has cleanup+hazardous sites+hold companies responsible if not .En, Species Act-Protects endangered Species+stops destruction of habitat |