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Regulation
Vocabulary words # Transport
| Regulation | allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis |
| Stimulus | a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. |
| Neuron | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
| Impulse | a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act. |
| Effector | an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus. |
| Receptors | an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve |
| Response | a reaction to something |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. |
| Irritability | is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment. |
| Dendrites | tiny transmitters and receivers for chemical messages between the cells) |
| Cyton (cell body) | ell that sends and receives messages within the brain and nerves |
| Axon | is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. |
| Hormones | A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs |
| Glands | a cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin that selectively removes materials from the blood, concentrates or alters them, and secretes them for further use in the body or for elimination from the body. |
| Target cells/tissues/organs | A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried in the bloodstream, which alters the activity of specific target organs |
| Hypothalamus | a region of the brain, between the thalamus and the midbrain, that functions as the main control center for the autonomic nervous system by regulating sleep cycles, body temperature, appetite, etc. |
| Hyposecretion | production of a bodily secretion at an abnormally slow rate or in abnormally small quantities. |
| Hypersecretion | excessive production of a bodily secretion (as gastric acid, mucus, or growth hormone) |
| Feedback mechanism | is a loop system wherein the system responds to a perturbation. |
| Reflex | An innate, immediate involuntary action to a stimulus without prior conscious thought |
| Cerebrum | The cerebrum processes complex sensory information and controls voluntary muscle activity |
| Cerebellum | structure located in the back of the brain (dorsal to the pons) involved in central regulation of movement, such as basic movement, balance, and posture; comes from the Latin word meaning "little brain"; is divided into two hemispheres and has a cortex |
| Medulla oblongata | this structure is the caudal-most part of the brain stem, between the pons and spinal cord. It is responsible for maintaining vital body functions, such as breathing and heartrate |
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