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Cell S&F Vocabulary

Vocabulary of Chapter 7 "Cell Structure and Function"

Vocabulary WordDefinition
CELL THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
CELL THEORY A FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF BIOLOGY STATING THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS, CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS IN LIVING THINGS, AND NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED FROM EXISTING CELLS
NUCLEUS A LARGE MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED STRUCTURE THAT CONTAINS THE CELL'S GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF DNA (CHROMATIN)
EUKARYOTE CELLS THAT CONTAIN NUCLEI
PROKARYOTE CELLS THAT DON'T CONTAIN NUCLEI
ORGANELLE SPECIALIZED STRUCTURE THAT PERFORMS IMPORTANT CELLULAR FUNCTIONS WITHIN A EUKARYOTIC CELL
CYTOPLASM THE PORTION OF THE CELL OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE ALLOWS MATERIAL TO MOVE IN AND OUT OF THE CELL
CHROMATIN THE GRANULAR MATERIAL YOU CAN SEE IN THE NUCLEUS; CONSISTS OF DNA BOUND TO PROTEIN.
CHROMOSOME DISTINCT, THREAD-LIKE STRUCTURES CONTAINING THE GENETIC INFORMATION THAT IS PASSED FROM ONE GENERATION OF CELLS TO THE NEXT
NUCLEOLUS A SMALL, DENSE REGION THAT ASSEMBLES RIBOSOMES
RIBOSOME SMALL PARTICLES OF RNA AND PROTEIN FOUND THROUGHOUT THE CYTOPLASM; PRODUCE PROTEINS BY FOLLOWING THE CODED INSTRUCTIONS THAT COME FROM THE NUCLEUS
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) THE SITE WHERE LIPID COMPONENTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE ARE ASSEMBLED, ALONG WITH PROTEINS AND OTHER MATERIALS THAT ARE EXPORTED FROM THE CELL
GOLGI APPARATUS/BODY/SOMETHIN' MODIFIES, SORTS, AND PACKAGES PROTEINS AND OTHER MATERIALS FROM THE ER FOR STORAGE IN THE CELL OR SECRETION OUTSIDE THE CELL
LYSOSOME DIGESTS (BREAKS DOWN) LIPIDS, CARBS, AND PROTEINS INTO SMALL MOLECULES THAT CAN BE USED BY THE REST OF THE CELL; BREAKS DOWN "DEAD" ORGANELLES; REMOVES "JUNK"
VACUOLE STORES MATERIALS SUCH AS WATER, SALTS, PROTEINS, AND CARBS.
MITOCHONDRION CONVERTS CHEMICAL ENERGY STORED IN FOOD INTO COMPOUNDS THAT ARE MORE CONVIENIENT FOR THE CELL TO USE; MAKES "ATP" FROM FOOD
CHLOROPLAST CAPTURES THE ENERGY FROM THE SUNLIGHT AND CONVERTS IT INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CYTOSKELETON A NETWORK OF PROTEIN FILAMENTS THAT HELPS THE CELL MAINTAIN ITS SHAPE; INVOLVED IN MOVEMENT
CENTRIOLE HELPS TO ORGANIZE DURING CELL DIVISION
CELL MEMBRANE REGULATES WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL; PROVIDES PROTECTION AND SUPPORT
CELL WALL A STRONG SUPPORTING LAYER AROUND THE MEMBRANE
LIPID BILAYER GIVES CELL MEMBRANES A FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE THAT FORMS A STRONG BARRIER BETWEEN THE CELL AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
CONCENTRATION THE MASS OF SOLUTE IN A GIVEN VOLUME OF SOLUTION; MASS/VOLUME
DIFFUSION PARTICLES MOVING FROM A HIGH CONCENTRATED AREA TO A LOW CONCENTRATED AREA
EQUILIBRIUM WHEN THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SOLUTE IS THE SAME THROUGHOUT A SYSTEM
OSMOSIS THE DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
ISOTONIC "SAME STRENGTH"
HYPERTONIC "ABOVE STRENGTH"
HYPOTONIC "BELOW STRENGTH"
FACILITATED DIFFUSION MOVEMENT OF SPECIFIC MOLECULES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANES THROUGH PROTEIN CHANNELS
ACTIVE TRANSPORT ENERGY-REQUIRING PROCESS THAT MOVES MATERIAL ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE AGAINST A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT (DIFFERENCE)
ENDOCYTOSIS THE PROCESS OF TAKING MATERIAL INTO THE CELL BY MEANS OF INFOLDINGS/POCKETS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
PHAGOCYTOSIS EXTENSIONS OF CYTOPLASM SURROUND A PARTICLE AND PACKAGES IT WITHIN A FOOD VACUOLE
PINOCYTOSIS TINY POCKETS FORM ALONG THE CELL MEMBRANE, FILL WITH LIQUID, AND PINCH OFF TO FORM VACUOLES WITHIN A CELL
EXOCYTOSIS THE MEMBRANE OF THE VACUOLE SURROUNDING THE MATERIAL FUSES WITH THE CELL MEMBRANE, FORCING THE CONTENTS OUTSIDE OF THE CELL
CELL SPECIALIZATION CELLS THROUGHOUT AN ORGANISM DEVELOPING IN DIFFERENT WAYS TO PERFORM DIFFERENT TASKS
TISSUE A GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION
ORGAN A GROUP OF TISSUES THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION
ORGAN SYSTEM A GROUP OF ORGANS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION
Created by: BigRed22
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